| Program
Development Guidelines |
Guide to program options in conflict-prone
settings
USAID. Bur. for Humanitarian Response. Ofc. of Transition Initiatives
[Jul 2001], Handbook/Manual
DocID/Order No: PN-ACM-211
http://www.dec.org/pdf_docs/PNACM211.pdf
The U.S. Agency
for International Development’s Office of Transition Initiatives
(USAID/OTI) has produced this guide to serve as a reference
for USAID staff and partner organizations. It offers a menu
of program options that OTI has used in conflict-prone and
post-conflict settings over the past seven years.
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Improve Policies, Strategies, and Programs
for Preventing, Mitigating, and Transiting Out of Crisis,
USAID Activity Data Sheet 698-022
http://www.usaid.gov/democracy/afr/arso.html#dg2
Africa experienced its highest number of devastating
conflicts in 1997. Although conflicts in the world as a whole
are declining, all new conflicts in 1997 were in Africa. In
FY 1998 Africa also had 28 declared disasters, both complex
emergencies and natural. During 1999, at least 20 countries
in Africa suffered from armed conflict or violent civil strife.
The purpose of this activity is to work with sub--Saharan
host countries, regional institutions, and non-governmental
organizations as well as other USAID and U.S. government operating
units, to strengthen national and sub-regional capacity to
preventing or mitigate the impact of natural disasters, epidemic
diseases, and man-made crises.
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Improving the Effectiveness of Humanitarian
and Transition Programs.
Summary of Proceedings. Oversees Development Council.
1996. http://www.odc.org/commentary/stateaid.html
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A Toolbox
to Respond to Conflicts and Build Peace
Developed by Creative
Associates International, Inc. for the Greater Horn of Africa
Initiative, administered by the US Agency for International
Development
http://www.caii-dc.com/ghai/toolbox.htm
Toolbox Summary List - 24 tools
for responding to conflict and building peace.
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Strategies
for Action in the Continuum from Relief to Development
UNEP (UN Environment Programme); HABITAT
Document Type:
Conference Report
1994
http://www.unrisd.org/wsp/db/docs/w1969.htm
The Report is an account of the presentations
and discussions coming out of the April 1994 Workshop on Strategies
for Action in the Continuum from Relief to Development. Overview
and issue papers, illustrated by case studies, lay the framework
for an exchange of ideas and experience, and the formulation
of recommendations. Deliberations on disaster management and
vulnerability reduction are thus seen to underline the importance
of information and training; national recovery policies are
identified as critical to post-disaster recovery strategies;
the effectiveness of community action is judged as best facilitated
by communication and NGO activity; while discussions point
to the need for conceptual parameters in addressing civil
strife and development. The document concludes with relevant
programme schedules and listings of publications and participants.
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Developing
Effective Conflict Prevention Strategies
Developed by Creative Associates International, Inc. for the
Greater Horn of Africa Initiative, administered by the US Agency
for International Development
http://www.caii-dc.com/ghai/strategies.htm
Conflict prevention and mitigation
aim to move a country or region along the continuum to durable
peace. This requires more than an understanding of policy
tools. Effective interventions are based on strategies
that specify objectives, policy tools and timeframes for action.
While circumstances clearly vary from country to country,
we offer an eight-step approach to devising a coherent conflict
prevention and peace-building strategy for a conflict setting.
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Relief-Rehabilitation-Development
in the Field of Health: Proposed Guidelines for Action.
Luxen, J-P.Brussels: European Commission (Health and Development
series).
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Aiding an Unstable
World: Some Thoughts on Relief and Development Assistance after
the Cold War.
Macrae, J. 1997 Feb.
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Operational
Challenges in Post-conflict Societies: a USAID Workshop
Management Systems International,
Inc.; USAID. Bureau for Humanitarian Response. , and Ofc.
of Transition Initiatives.1997
Abstract: Providing assistance in the reconstruction and rehabilitation
of countries emerging from war or ethnic conflict is increasingly
required of donor agencies. In October 1997, USAID's Office
of Transition Initiatives held the first workshop that allowed
representatives of transition offices of development agencies
from other countries, the United Nations, the World Bank, and
the European Community to discuss their work in the field. This
report documents the sessions of that workshop, which covered
security, country selection, program development, project implementation,
exit strategies, and coordination with other donors. (1) First
analyze the situation -- especially the cause of the conflict,
host country commitment to its resolution, the security environment,
the extent of local grievances, and local capacity for leadership
and recovery -- and then develop objectives for the intervention,
along with means of persuasion, coercion, or enforcement when
the going gets tough. (2) Take account of the diplomatic situation
and enlist the support of neighboring countries. (3) Pay attention
to the relative importance of different actors. In particular,
do not underestimate local and national actors and the private
sector. (4) Do not adhere to rigid distinctions between relief
and development. In the field, they overlap considerably. (5)
Do not neglect the importance of consensus building. In post-conflict
settings, governments may become more authoritarian because
they are insecure. Donors must work to develop room for dialogue
and also make sure that the closers in the conflict benefit
from its peaceful resolution.
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NGOs and Relief Operations:
Trends and Policy Implications.
Borton, J.; Nicholds, N.; Benson, C., and Dhiri,
S. London: ODI; 1994.
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Health Care between War and Peace
an Exploration of Issues and Strategies
Van
der Heijden, T. Jun 15, 1997
Abstract: HealthNet International, working on health care
in post-conflict situations in low-income countries, has expressed
a wish to have a better policy framework, as neither conventional
relief nor development policies seem to fully apply to these
situations. This paper explores various issues from the literature,
looks as HealthNet International’s experience and provides
some suggestions how these issues can contribute to HealthNet
International's policy formulation.
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Relief and Rehabilitation
Work in Mozambique: Institutional Capacity
and NGO Executional Strategies.
Eagen, E.
Development in Practice. 1991; 3:174-84.
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The Catalytic
Role of PRODERE in Linking Relief and Development: an Innovative
Strategic Approach to Economic Reconstruction.
Catenacci, L. Brighton: IDS, University
of Sussex; 1995
Abstract: The practical experience
of the PRODERE program in Central America has been a laboratory
to implement local mechanisms for rehabilitation in a complex
emergency scenario. This program embodies the conceptual framework
of LRD, which refers to a flexible process able to analyze,
identify and alleviate the causes behind complex emergencies.
The report firstly analyzes the needed link between complex
emergencies and a LRD response. PRODERE's coordinated approach,
design flexibility, and decentralized framework are all elements
contribution to PRODERE's success in LRD. Highlighting the
UNDP's continuum approach leads to a discussion of PRODERE's
methodological strengths in LRD. An assessment of the effectiveness
of PRODERE's catalytic role in bridging sectoral intervention
into a more integrated framework is offered. Following this
the strategies tolls implemented by PRODERE to support national
reconciliation, facilitate local community involvement in
the formulation of projects, and promote pre-active institutional
changes in a war-torn society, are addressed. Finally the
concepts of sustainability and replicability of PRODERE's
intervention are analyzed.
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Options paper : towards a rapid response
human rights mechanism -- final report
Golub, Stephen. December 1994.
http://www.dec.org/partners/dexs_public/content.cfm?Rec_no=88800
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Guide to Program Options in Conflict-Prone Settings.
USAID/Office of Transition Initiatives. July 2001.
http://www.dec.org/pdf_docs/pnacm211.pdf
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Proventive Peacebuilding in West Africa
West Africa Early Warning and Response Network Training Module
West Africa Network for Peacebuilding,
October 2000
http://www.fewer.org/wafrica/studwatrain1.pdf
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Guide to Practitioners and Researchers
The Conflict Resolution Information Source
http://www.crinfo.org/guide/
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Conflict-Sensitive
Approaches to Development, Humanitarian Assistance and Peacebuilding:
Tools for Peace and Conflict Impact Assesment'
Volume1, Number 1, October 2002.
http://www.international-alert.org/pdf/pubdev/Newsletter_Vol_1_Issue_1_10.2002.pdf
Project
Newsletter, Volume 2, Number 1, February 2003.
http://www.international-alert.org/pdf/pubdev/Newsletter_Vol_1_Issue_2.pdf
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Development
in Conflict: A Seven Step Tool for Planners
David Nyheim, Manuela Leonhardt, Cynthia Gaigals, June 2001,
FEWER, International Alert & Saferworld.
http://www.international-alert.org/pdf/pubdev/tool.pdf
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