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UNCLASSIFIED ------- SUMMARY ------- 1.
SUMMARY: A THREE DAY SYMPOSIUM ON
PREVENTING AND COPING
WITH HIV/AIDS IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES: GENDER-BASED
LESSONS FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA WAS HELD FROM
26-28 MARCH 2001 IN DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA. 26 AFRICAN
PARTICIPANTS FROM EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA ATTENDED.
COUNTRIES INCLUDED WERE BURUNDI, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
OF THE CONGO, ETHIOPIA, KENYA, MOZAMBIQUE, NAMIBIA,
REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, RWANDA, SOUTH AFRICA, TANZANIA,
UGANDA, AND ZAMBIA. THESE HIV/AIDS PRACTITIONERS,
LARGELY INDIGENOUS AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL WITH
SOME GOVERNMENTAL PARTICIPATION, DEVELOPED A #DURBAN
DECLARATION# STATING THAT CONFLICT, HIV/AIDS AND
GENDER INEQUALITIES ARE INEXTRICABLY RELATED. SOLUTIONS
TO THESE PROBLEMS REQUIRE MULTI-SECTORAL, CROSS-SECTORAL
AND SYNERGISTIC APPROACHES. PARTICIPANTS
PLAN TO DEVELOP A STRATEGIC PLAN THAT LINKS
HIV/AIDS, CONFLICT, AND GENDER FOR THE NATIONAL AND
REGIONAL LEVELS BY DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE DIALOGUE
WITH GOVERNMENT AT COMMITTEE AND CABINET LEVELS,
CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS, THE PRESS, AND OTHER SALIENT
ACTORS SUCH AS FIRST LADIES. THE SYMPOSIUM DEMONSTRATED
THAT WE LIVE IN AN ERA WHERE AIDS IS NOT SIMPLY
A DISEASE OR AN EPIDEMIC, BUT A FACT OF LIFE AND
A COMPLEX SOCIAL DYNAMIC THAT IS INTRICATELY TIED TO
ISSUES OF GENDER AND CONFLICT. THE DURBAN DECLARATION
TEXT IS REPORTED IN PARAGRAPHS 23-31. -------------------- WORKSHOP
METHODOLOGY -------------------- 2.
METHODOLOGY OF SYMPOSIUM: OVER THE THREE DAYS, PARTICIPANTS
SHARED THEIR STORIES FROM THE TRENCHES THAT
ELUCIDATED THE LINKS AMONG HIV/AIDS, CONFLICT, AND
GENDER. PRIOR TO THE SYMPOSIUM,
EACH PARTICIPANT PREPARED
A PAPER ILLUSTRATING THEIR ORGANIZATION'S OR COUNTRY'S
EXPERIENCES. PARTICIPANTS SHARED
THESE STORIES
IN A SERIES OF PANEL PRESENTATIONS AND SMALL WORKING
GROUPS. THESE LESSONS LEARNED WILL
BE PART OF A
BEST PRACTICES DOCUMENT THAT WILL BE PREPARED BY TULANE
UNIVERSITY OVER THE NEXT FEW MONTHS. PARTICIPANTS
SHARED THESE IDEAS WITH INTERNATIONAL AND USAID
COLLEAGUES FOR CREATING AN EFFECTIVE AND COGENT PLATFORM
FOR ACTION AND ADVOCACY. 3.
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK SETTING: PARTICIPANTS PLAN TO BEGIN
THEIR STRATEGIC ANALYSIS BY MEETING WITH USAID MISSIONS
IN AFRICA TO BRIEF MISSIONS ON THE WORKSHOP. THEY
THEN PLAN TO DEVELOP A STRATEGIC PLAN THAT LINKS HIV,
GENDER, AND CONFLICT FOR THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL
LEVELS FOR EFFECTIVE DIALOGUE WITH GOVERNMENT AT COMMITTEE AND CABINET LEVELS, OTHER CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS, THE PRESS,
AND OTHER SALIENT ACTORS SUCH AS FIRST LADIES. 4.
WORKSHOP GOALS: (A) TO PROVIDE A QUICK OVERVIEW OF GENDER-SENSITIVE
PRACTICES AND KNOWLEDGE IN PREVENTING AND
COPING WITH HIV/AIDS IN THE AFTERMATH OF VIOLENT CONFLICT;
(B) TO EXPAND THIS KNOWLEDGE BASE BY SHARING AND
DISSEMINATING THE EXPERIENCES OF AFRICANS WHO ARE CONFRONTING
THESE ISSUES IN THEIR COUNTRIES; AND, (C) TO
IDENTIFY RECOMMENDATIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR PRACTITIONERS,
POLICYMAKERS, AND DONORS ON HOW THESE EFFORTS
CAN BE BEST SUPPORTED. THEMATIC
AREAS INCLUDED:
(A) DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION OF ARMED
FORCES, (B) GIRLS' EMPOWERMENT, (C) CARING FOR ORPHANS
AND PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS, (D) REHABILITATING
OR REBUILDING HEALTH SERVICES, (E) HEALTH
AS A BRIDGE TO PEACE, (F) LOCAL, NATIONAL, AND REGIONAL
RESPONSES, AND (G) GRASS ROOTS LESSONS LEARNED
AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRACTITIONERS, AFRICAN GOVERNMENTS,
AND DONORS. ---------------------- BACKGROUND
TO WORKSHOP ---------------------- 5.
BACKGROUND: STATISTICS ON HIV/CONFLICT/GENDER: PARTICIPANTS
AGREED WITH THE INITIAL OBSERVATIONS OF USAID/AFR/SD/CMR
(REF. CABLE STATE 044234): VIOLENT CONFLICT
AND HIV/AIDS POSE FORMIDABLE THREATS TO HUMAN SECURITY
IN AFRICA. THE NUMBER AND NATURE OF VIOLENT CONFLICTS
AND RELATED COMPLEX EMERGENCIES, COUPLED WITH
THE HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC IS NOW IMPEDING DEVELOPMENT IN
AFRICA, AND NEGATING MANY OF THE GAINS ACHIEVED. HALF
OF ALL THE WORLD'S CONFLICTS IN 1999 WERE LOCATED IN
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SSA), INVOLVING TWO THIRDS OF THE
COUNTRIES IN THE REGION. SIX HIGH INTENSITY CONFLICTS
(CAUSING OVER A THOUSAND DEATHS PER YEAR) WERE
STILL RAGING IN THE REGION IN LATE 2000. AS
OF JANUARY
2001, AFRICA HAD 3.5 MILLION REFUGEES AND 1.7 MILLION
INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE (IDPS). AFRICA
IS ALSO
THE PART OF THE GLOBE THAT HAS BEEN HARDEST HIT BY
HIV/AIDS. OVER 25 MILLION PEOPLE, OR NEARLY 70 PERCENT
OF THE WORLD'S 34.5 MILLION AFFLICTED WITH HIV/AIDS,
AND 90 PERCENT OF DEATHS FROM AIDS ARE TO BE FOUND
IN A REGION THAT IS HOME TO JUST 10 PERCENT OF THE
WORLD'S POPULATION. OVER HALF OF
THE AFRICANS AFFLICTED
BY HIV/AIDS PEOPLE ARE WOMEN. 6.
BACKGROUND: LINKS AMONG HIV/CONFLICT/GENDER: ALTHOUGH
THERE IS LITTLE CROSS-COUNTRY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
AVAILABLE, THERE IS EVIDENCE TO SUGGEST THAT CONFLICTS
INCREASE THE RISK AND IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS IN SEVERAL
WAYS. CONFLICTS DISLOCATE COMMUNITIES, CREATE FLOWS
OF REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS, AND
SERIOUSLY DISRUPT FAMILY LIFE. THERE IS AN INCREASE
IN THE NUMBER OF WOMEN HEADED HOUSEHOLDS. SOLDIERS
AND FIGHTERS COME INTO GREATER CONTACT WITH CIVILIANS
IN SITUATIONS WHERE WOMEN, YOUNG GIRLS AND BOYS
ARE HIGHLY VULNERABLE TO SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE,
SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, AND RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
DUE TO INCREASED PSYCHOSOCIAL TRAUMA AND BREAKDOWN
OF BASIC SERVICES. THE MAGNITUDE OF
THESE PROBLEMS
HAS PROMPTED CONSIDERABLE WORK AMONG NATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL ACTORS TO MAINSTREAM HIV/AIDS PREVENTION,
SCREENING, EDUCATION, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL
INTO HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE AND POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION.
GENDER SENSITIVE APPROACHES THAT AFFECT
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RESPONSES TO THE AIDS PANDEMIC
ARE KEY IN AFRICA, GIVEN WOMEN'S DUAL ROLE AS CARE
GIVERS AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME EARNERS. NOTING
THAT OVER
50 PERCENT OF NEW HIV INFECTIONS IN AFRICA OCCUR IN
WOMEN, YOUNG WOMEN SEEM TO BE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE.
FOR EXAMPLE, ONE IN FOUR SOUTH AFRICAN WOMEN
IN THE 20-29 AGE GROUP CARRY THE VIRUS TODAY. THE
NUMBER ONE FORM OF TRANSMISSION OF HIV AMONG WOMEN IN
AFRICA IS SEXUAL INTERCOURSE. WOMEN'S INCREASED RISK
FOR HIV HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH PROSTITUTION, TRAFFICKING
OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, FORCED
MARRIAGES, RAPE AND INCEST, POOR HEALTH, (PARTICULARLY
ACCESS TO QUALITY REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES)
AND LIMITED POWER TO AFFECT THESE RISKS. WOMEN
ALSO CARRY THE MAIN BURDEN OF CARE OF FAMILY MEMBERS
WITH HIV/AIDS. IN SITUATIONS OF CONFLICT AND POST-CONFLICT,
WOMEN ARE NOT ONLY MORE EXPOSED AND VULNERABLE
TO HIV/AIDS, THEY ALSO HAVE LESS COPING CAPACITY,
NOT LEAST BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT USUALLY INVOLVED
IN PLANNING THE ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES FOR RECONSTRUCTION,
INCLUDING THOSE FOR HIV/AIDS PREVENTION
AND MANAGEMENT. AT PRESENT, NO
ESTABLISHED SET
OF BEST PRACTICES TO GUIDE POLICY AND PROGRAMMING FOR
ADDRESSING HIV/AIDS IN POST-CONFLICT COUNTRIES EXISTS.
THERE ARE HOWEVER, MANY INITIATIVES. ALL ACROSS
AFRICA, PEOPLE FROM ALL WALKS OF LIFE, AND ESPECIALLY
WOMEN, ARE ENGAGED IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL INITIATIVES
THAT NOT ONLY STRENGTHEN THE COPING CAPACITIES
OF FAMILIES, COMMUNITIES, AND COUNTRIES IN THE
FACE OF THESE CRISES, BUT ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO CREATE
ENVIRONMENTS THAT ENHANCE HUMAN SECURITY IN ALL ITS
DIMENSIONS. WOMEN HAVE WORKED ON BOTH DIPLOMATIC AND
DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS, AT THE NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL LEVEL,
AND AT THE GRASSROOTS LEVEL. ---------------------------- SUMMARY
OF WORKSHOP SESSIONS ---------------------------- 7.
DURING THE OPENING SESSION OF THE WORKSHOP, STATISTICS
(SEE PARAGRAPHS FIVE AND SIX ABOVE) WERE PRESENTED
AND LINKAGES EXPLORED WITH QUESTIONS THAT HAVE
BEEN RAISED ON HIV AND CONFLICT. SUCH
QUESTIONS INCLUDE
WHETHER KNOWINGLY HIV POSITIVE SOLDIERS DELIBERATELY
RAPE WOMEN IN CONFLICT SITUATIONS. THE LINK
AMONG THE THREE AREAS WAS SET IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW AND PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
FROM THE FIELD. 8.
SESSION ONE OVERVIEW: WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS HAD PREPARED
SUMMARY PAPERS PRIOR TO THE WORKSHOP. KEY THEMES
WERE THE FOLLOWING: (1) NEED FOR A SOLUTION BEYOND
A NARROW TECHNICAL APPROACH, (2) AGREEMENT THAT HIV
HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AS AN EXPLICIT WEAPON OF WAR, (3)
THE EXTRAORDINARY URGENCY OF THE VULNERABILITY OF WOMEN,
CHILDREN, REFUGEES, AND IDPS, (4) CONNECTION WITH
LOCAL CULTURE THAT CAN BE EITHER HARNESSED OR DETRIMENTAL
TO PROGRESS, (5) NEED FOR FOCUSING ON PSYCHOSOCIAL
AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS, AND (6) RECOGNIZING
THAT WOMEN AND MEN HAVE DIFFERENT ACCESS AND
POWER OVER RESOURCES. CHALLENGES
ARE INTANGIBLES SUCH
AS FEAR, IGNORANCE, LACK OF POWER TO MAKE INDIVIDUAL
SEXUAL HEALTH DECISIONS, AND COMMUNITY-LEVEL
COMMITMENT. 9.
MILLICENT MALAZA-DEBOSE OF SAVE AFRICA ESTABLISHED THAT
GENDER ROLES AND EXPECTATIONS TAKE DIFFERENT FORMS
IN CONFLICT SITUATIONS. TRADITIONALLY,
WOMEN HAVE
BEEN SEEN AS CARETAKERS AND MEN AS PROVIDERS AND PROTECTORS;
IN CONFLICT THESE ROLES ARE HEIGHTENED. THE
GROUP QUESTIONED HOW SECURITY, GOVERNANCE, AND DEEP-ROOTED
POVERTY CAN BE ADDRESSED TO MITIGATE THE POTENTIAL
FOR WEAKENED GENDER ROLES AND INCREASED HIV TRANSMISSION.
GROUP CONCURRED THAT THERE IS A NEED FOR
BEHAVIORAL CHANGE, INCLUDING MEN AS PARTNERS IN THE
HEALTH PROCESS. GLOBALIZATION WAS
RAISED AS BOTH A
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IN PROVIDING INFORMATION TO STEM
HIV TRANSMISSION. THERE WAS AN
AGREEMENT THAT THE
MILITARY NEEDS TO BE PART OF A BROADER HIV STRATEGY,
RATHER THAN AS A TARGET GROUP. 10.
SESSION TWO - LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS: ASUNTA WAGURA, AN
HIV POSITIVE KENYAN WHO IS THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF
KENYA NETWORK OF WOMEN WITH AIDS, GROUNDED THE WORKSHOP
BY PRESENTING HER PERSONAL LIFE HISTORY WITH AIDS.
HER GRIPPING PRESENTATION REMINDED PARTICIPANTS THAT
HIV POSITIVE PEOPLE CANNOT BE CONSIDERED AS VICTIMS;
VICTIMS ARE CONSIDERED WEAK AND POWERLESS; HIV
POSITIVE PEOPLE HAVE CAPABILITIES DESPITE THEIR STATUS.
CLAUDINE MUYALA TAYAYE BIBI OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
KINSHASA AND THE NGO PLATFORM PAAF FOLLOWED WAGURA'S
PRESENTATION, ARGUING THAT WITHOUT PEACE IN THE
DRC, THERE WILL BE NO SECURITY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN
AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN RENAISSANCE WILL REMAIN
A DREAM, FORESTALLING FUTURE PROGRESS ON HIV. NZAMA
CHIKWANKA OF THE SOCIETY FOR WOMEN AND AIDS IN ZAMBIA
ARGUED THAT AFRICAN CULTURE ENCOURAGES SILENCE; YET
EFFECTIVE HIV EDUCATION CALLS FOR A HEALTHY DISCUSSION
OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR MAKING
HEALTHY SEXUAL DECISIONS. 11.
SESSION THREE - WOMEN'S STRUGGLES AGAINST HIV/AIDS AND
VIOLENCE: SMALL GROUP DISCUSSIONS CRITIQUED THE DUAL
EXPECTATIONS OF WOMEN AS CAREGIVERS (PILLARS OF CULTURE
AND CUSTODIANS OF COMMUNITY) AND AS BREAD-WINNERS.
PARTICIPANTS ARGUED THAT WOMEN CANNOT AUTOMATICALLY
BE CONSIDERED AS PROGRESSIVE INDIVIDUALS;
WOMEN, LIKE MEN, ARE REPRESENTATIVE OF BROADER
SOCIETAL ISSUES. HOWEVER,
PARTICIPANTS CONCURRED
THAT HIV, VIOLENT CONFLICT, AND POVERTY DISPROPORTIONATELY
AFFECT WOMEN. NGO PARTICIPANTS SHARED
PRACTICAL CHALLENGES OF DESIGNING EFFECTIVE EDUCATIONAL
CAMPAIGNS WHILE BEING RIDICULED FOR PROMOTING
HIV. PARTICIPANTS STATED THAT
CRISIS CHANGES THE
NATURE OF PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND WOMEN TAKE ON NEW
ROLES. WOMEN CANNOT ESCAPE THE
CYCLE OF MALE DOMINATION
AS THE LOSS OF ONE MAN USUALLY MEANS THE REPLACEMENT
WITH ANOTHER. NGOS STRESSED THAT
THEY HAVE
A CHALLENGE OF BRINGING WOMEN'S GROUPS TOGETHER TO
ACHIEVE A COMMON PLATFORM, ESPECIALLY WHEN SOME OF THEIR
AGENDAS ARE DRIVEN BY DONOR INTERESTS. 12.
SESSION FOUR - HIV/AIDS, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, AND
THE MILITARY: NSAMA CHIKWANKA OF THE SOCIETY FOR WOMEN
AND AIDS IN ZAMBIA DISCUSSED THE ROLE OF POST TRAUMATIC
STRESS DISORDER AND THE PARTICULAR REACTIONS OF
HYPERACTIVITY AND DEPRESSION THAT ARE LINKED TO VIOLENCE
AND RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. DOROTHY
GATERA WIBABARA
OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RWANDA ARGUED THAT
FAITH-BASED HIV/AIDS INITIATIVES NEED TO WORK WITH
AN ON-THE-GROUND FAMILY SUPPORT NETWORK TO ENCOURAGE
CAPACITY BUILDING IN FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES
SO THAT INDIVIDUALS CAN MAKE HEALTHY CHOICES
ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. TRAUMA
COUNSELING IS SEEN AS
AN EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION POINT. ANNE-MARY SHIGWEDHA
OF THE NAMIBIAN MINISTRY OF DEFENSE REMINDED THE
GROUP OF SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1308 THAT STATED
THAT HIV IS A HUMAN SECURITY ISSUE. UGANDAN PARTICIPANT
CAROLINE ODONGO TURYATEMBA NOTED THAT UGANDAN
VETERANS HAVE NOT UNIFORMLY ENJOYED ACROSS THE BOARD
SUCCESS IN ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION. PARTICIPANTS ITERATED
THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE INTEGRATION OF HIV PROGRAMMING
IN CONFLICT SETTINGS OF DEMOBILIZATION (DDRR)
ACTIVITIES AND HIV/AIDS EDUCATION FOR EX-COMBATANTS
13.
SESSION FIVE - THE SECURITY SECTOR AND GOVERNANCE: THIS
SESSION FOCUSED ON THE ISSUE THAT DEVELOPMENT IS IMPOSSIBLE
WITHOUT SECURITY AND JUSTICE. SECURITY
AND GOVERNANCE
ARE SEEN AS THE UNDERPINNINGS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH. 14.
SESSION SIX - HEALTH CARE IN POST CONFLICT ENVIRONMENTS:
DARAUS BUKENYA OF THE TANZANIA-BASED AFRICAN
MEDICAL AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION (AMREF) STATED THAT
PRESERVATION OF HEALTH SYSTEMS INCLUDES BUILDING SELF-RELIANCE
AND REHABILITATING HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE,
YET BEING AWARE OF THE POTENTIAL TO RECREATE
DETRIMENTAL GENDER AND HEALTH ROLES. BEATRICE
MURUNGA OF MAP INTERNATIONAL SPOKE ABOUT PSYCHOSOCIAL
SERVICES FOR SURVIVORS OF VIOLENCE. SHE NOTED
THAT SEXUAL VIOLENCE RESULTING IN POSITIVE HIV STATUS
CREATES LOW SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF HATRED IN WOMEN.
THIS PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA IS TIED TO LOSS OF ECONOMIC
STATUS AND SELF-ESTEEM. CULTURALLY,
RAPE CONTINUES
TO HAVE A NEGATIVE STIGMA ATTACHED TO IT. FOR
THIS REASON, IN AFRICAN CULTURE, THERE IS A GREAT DEAL
OF SILENCE AROUND RAPE, ESPECIALLY AMONG WOMEN; PARTICIPANTS
WANT TO BREAK THIS SILENCE TO MORE EFFECTIVELY
ADDRESS THE INTERSECTION AMONG HIV/AIDS, CONFLICT,
AND GENDER. PROGRAMS IN TANZANIA
THAT HAVE USED
A TRAINING OF TRAINERS MODEL IN WHICH SURVIVORS WHO
THEN RETURN TO THEIR COMMUNITIES AND WORK WITH CLIENTS. 15.
SESSION SEVEN - PREVENTING HIV/AIDS IN POST CONFLICT
AFRICAN SOCIETIES: PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO DEALING
WITH HIV PREVENTION WERE DISCUSSED. AN
EAST AFRICA
GROUP SUGGESTED THAT THE MAIN ENTRY POINT SHOULD
BE DEMOBILIZED SOLDIERS AND THE HIV EDUCATION ENTRY
POINT SHOULD BE COORDINATED AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL
AND INCLUDED IN THAT LEVEL OF POLICY. THE CENTRAL
AFRICA GROUP FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING RADIO PROGRAMS
THAT ARE TARGETED FOR ADULT AND ILLITERATE WOMEN
SO THAT THEY ARE BETTER INFORMED. THIS
GROUP ALSO
FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING WOMEN'S ECONOMIC CAPACITIES.
THE SOUTHERN AFRICA GROUP DISCUSSED THE TOOL
OF DRAMA FOR DISSEMINATING HIV/AIDS EDUCATION IN A
SAFE WAY THAT USES LOCAL LANGUAGE AND CULTURE.
IT WAS
CLEAR FROM THIS SESSION THAT EACH AFRICAN SUB-REGION
REQUIRES A LOCALLY GENERATED AND RELEVANT APPROACH
THAT MEETS THE MOST CRITICAL NEEDS IDENTIFIED.
THESE INTERVENTIONS MUST WORK WITH THE LOCAL
POPULATION. 16.
ONE SIDE GROUP DISCUSSED NETWORKING AND POSSIBLE FOLLOW
ON ACTIONS FOR THIS WORKSHOP. IT
WAS ENVISAGED THAT
THE GROUP RECONVENES IN TWO YEARS TO SEE HOW THEY HAVE
IMPLEMENTED THE HIV/CONFLICT/GENDER APPROACH INTO NATIONAL-LEVEL
POLICY. SECONDLY, THE GROUP
SUGGESTED THAT
THEY CONVENE QUARTERLY DISCUSSIONS TO SHARE LESSONS
LEARNED. THIRD, SPECIFIC THEMES
WERE RAISED COMMUNITY-BASED
ORGANIZATIONS, PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES, THE
ROLE OF MEN IN PREVENTING HIV/AIDS, LITERACY AND HIV/AIDS,
AND THE CONNECTION BETWEEN DONORS AND HIV/AIDS
POLICY. 17.
SESSION EIGHT - COPING WITH HIV/AIDS IN POST CONFLICT
AFRICA: THIS SESSION FOCUSED ON INCREASING ACCESS
TO RESOURCES (ECONOMIC, EDUCATIONAL, AGRICULTURAL,
HEALTH, FINANCIAL) IN EAST AFRICA, PSYCHOSOCIAL
SERVICES AND HEALTH CLINICS IN CENTRAL AFRICA,
AND ORPHANS IN WEST AFRICA. IN EAST
AFRICA, THE
EMPHASIS IS AT THE GRASS ROOTS LEVEL, ADULT EDUCATION
PROGRAMS, AND INCLUDING WOMEN'S GROUPS IN ALL
STAGES OF PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION DESIGN.
TWO APPROACHES
SUGGESTED WERE FOCUSING ON WOMEN'S INHERITANCE
AND ENSURING WOMEN'S EQUAL RIGHTS IN A COUNTRY.
THERE WAS A CLEAR FOCUS ON IDENTIFYING TALENTED
WOMEN IN THE SUB-REGION AND DRAWING ON THEIR SKILLS
TO DESIGN EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS. THE
CENTRAL AFRICA
GROUP FOCUSED NOT ONLY ON PSYCHOSOCIAL AND HEALTH
CLINICS, BUT LEGAL CLINICS WHERE WOMEN ARE ABLE TO
HAVE ACCESS TO LEGAL REMEDIES. THE
SOUTHERN AFRICA GROUP
FOCUSED ON COMMUNITY-BASED RESPONSES TO ORPHANS GIVEN
DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES' LEVELS OF RECEPTIVITY TO ORPHANS. 18.
SESSION NINE - HEALTH AS A BRIDGE FOR PEACE: MARY BALIKUNGERI
OF THE RWANDA WOMEN COMMUNITY GROUP ARGUED THAT
STORY TELLING AND SHARING OF STORIES IN A TRUSTING
ENVIRONMENT ASSIST WOMEN IN DEALING WITH ISSUES
OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE. BALIKUNGERI
DESCRIBED THE
POLYCLINIC THAT SHE RUNS WHICH INCLUDES PSYCHOSOCIAL
SUPPORT, LEGAL SUPPORT AND WITNESS PROTECTION,
MICRO FINANCE, AND POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT. THE
CLINIC IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN MULTI-SECTORAL APPROACH TO
ADDRESSING HIV/AIDS. CAROLINE
ODONGO TURYATEMBA OF REACH
UGANDA DISCUSSED HOW HER PROGRAM EMERGED FROM LOCALLY
GROWN FOCUS ON FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM).
AS THE CLINIC STARTED TO TACKLE FGM WITHOUT THREATENING
LOCAL CULTURE, THE KEY LESSON LEARNED WAS DEVELOPING
A PROGRAM IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE COMMUNITY THROUGH
SENSITIZATION AND DEVELOPING RAPPORT WITH EACH PATIENT
SO THAT S/HE IS COMMITTED TO CHANGE. SUSTAINABILITY
HAS BEEN A FUNCTION OF FAMILY AND COMMUNITY
LEVEL INPUT. A SECOND LESSON FOR
THE SUCCESS
OF THE CLINIC WAS COORDINATION WITH THE MILITARY.
THE MILITARY WAS SEEN AS AN ORGANIZATION THAT
COULD PROVIDE SERVICES AND ALSO PROTECT A BENEFICIARY
GROUP. 19.
SESSION TEN - EMPOWERING WOMEN: PROVIDING SEX WORKERS
WITH INCOME GENERATING SKILLS AND LEGAL KNOWLEDGE
HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN ONE COMMUNITY IN ETHIOPIA
AND HAD A SPILLOVER EFFECT THAT HAS WORKED IN OTHER
COMMUNITIES. THE ETHIOPIAN FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT BACKED
THIS PROGRAM, WHICH ENSURED ITS SUCCESS. GIVEN THE
SENSITIVE NATURE OF WOMEN'S PROGRAMS, PARTICIPANTS QUESTIONED
WHETHER HOST GOVERNMENTS WOULD SUSTAIN ACTIVITIES
IN THE LONG TERM. BULIKUNGERI
STATED THAT THE
USG-FUNDED WOMEN AS PARTNERS FOR PEACE IN AFRICA HAS
BEEN A SUCCESSFUL NETWORKING MODEL FOR AFRICAN WOMEN.
WHILE THESE EFFORTS HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL INTERNATIONALLY,
PARTICIPANTS QUESTIONED THE SUSTAINABILITY
OF LOCAL LEVEL INVOLVEMENT AND SUPPORT. 20.
SESSION ELEVEN - LESSONS LEARNED AND ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION
BY PRACTITIONERS: PARTICIPANTS NOTED THAT
LOCAL NEEDS AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT ARE CRITICAL
TO ADDRESSING ISSUES. EXAMPLES
INCLUDE USE OF
LOCAL LANGUAGE AND THE MEN-AS-PARTNERS HEALTH APPROACH.
PRACTITIONERS ARE CHALLENGED BY LACK OF STAFF
COMMITMENT TO KEEPING THE MESSAGES ON HIV/AIDS SERIOUS,
AND NOT REDUCED TO JOKES OR INAPPROPRIATE/INSENSITIVE
COMMENTS. PARTICIPANTS DISCUSSED
THE EMERGENCE OF HIV/AIDS IN THE UNITED STATES
LARGELY IN THE GAY MALE COMMUNITY AND DREW A PARALLEL
THAT HOMOPHOBIA IS PREVALENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.
IN DISCUSSING GENDER ROLES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN,
PARTICIPANTS NOTED THAT THE PARADIGM SHOULD BE BROADENED
TO NON-TRADITIONAL ROLES. AGE IS A CRITICAL FACTOR
IN GENDER ROLES AND PRACTITIONER SUCCESS; ACTIVITIES
NEED TO BE SENSITIVE TO YOUTH. BESIDES GENDER
ROLES, ANOTHER ISSUE IDENTIFIED WAS THE LACK OF COMMITMENT
ON THE PART OF THE STATE TO ADDRESS THE ROOT
CAUSES OF GENDER INEQUALITY AND CONFLICT WHICH CAN
LEAD TO HIGHER HIV/AIDS TRANSMISSION (E.G. INHERITANCE
AND LAND RIGHTS). COUNTRIES' CONSTITUTIONS
DO NOT REFLECT THE GROUND LEVEL REALITY IN
COMMUNITIES AND IN THE PERIPHERY. INTERNATIONAL COVENANTS,
E.G. THE CONVENTION TO ELIMINATE ALL FORMS OF
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) OR THE CONVENTION
ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD (CRC), OR OTHER HUMAN
RIGHTS CONVENTIONS, ARE EITHER NOT SIGNED AND RATIFIED
BY HOST GOVERNMENTS, POORLY IMPLEMENTED, OR THE
EDUCATION DOES NOT TAKE PLACE IN THE FIELD SO COMMUNITIES
ARE EMPOWERED TO MAKE DECISIONS. 21.
SESSION TWELVE - LESSONS LEARNED AND ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION
BY POLICYMAKERS: THIS SESSION RAISED DIFFERENCES
AMONG DONORS, DONOR INTERESTS, AND APPROACHES.
SOME PARTICIPANTS SUGGESTED THAT EUROPEAN DONORS
ARE MORE CONSULTATIVE THAN AMERICAN DONORS ARE. ISSUES
WERE RAISED REGARDING HOW BEST TO IMPLEMENT DECENTRALIZATION
ACTIVITIES TO MITIGATE CORRUPTION AND OTHER
PROBLEMS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS. PARTICIPANTS CALLED
FOR AN EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIP WITH DONORS AND FOR
TRANSPARENT NATIONAL-LEVEL UMBRELLA ORGANIZATIONS THAT
COORDINATE EFFECTIVELY. SOME
PRACTITIONERS RAISED
MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES SUCH AS THEIR DIFFICULTIES
WITH HAVING DIFFERENT FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FOR
DIFFERENT DONORS AND FULFILLING A MYRIAD OF REPORTING
REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH DONOR. THERE
WAS UNANIMOUS
AGREEMENT THAT DONORS NEED TO REDUCE REPORTING
REQUIREMENTS SO THAT GRANTEES CAN DEVOTE MORE
TIME AND RESOURCES TO IMPLEMENTATION. DONORS COULD
ALSO CONSIDER PROVIDING MORE INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
SO THAT NGOS ARE BETTER EQUIPPED TO ADDRESS ISSUES
IN THE LONG TERM, AND HAVE THE FINANCIAL, ADMINISTRATIVE,
AND MANAGEMENT CAPACITY TO DEAL WITH DIFFERENT
DONORS' AGENDAS, REQUIREMENTS, AND ACTIVITIES.
LINKING THE THREE AREAS OF HIV/AIDS, CONFLICT,
AND GENDER, PARTICIPANTS AGREED THAT WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT,
FOCUS ON CROSS-CUTTING APPROACHES, CONSULTATION,
OUTREACH, AND PARTNERSHIP ARE ALL CRITICAL,
WHILE TAKING ACCOUNT OF LOCAL CONDITIONS,
CULTURE,
AND LANGUAGE. 22.
PARTICIPANTS CONCLUDED WITH A CONSENSUS ON A #DURBAN
DECLARATION#THAT STATED THEIR VIEWS, AND COMMITTED
THE GROUP TO CONTINUE THEIR NETWORKING AND NATIONAL
LEVEL ADVOCACY. ------------------ DURBAN
DECLARATION ------------------ 23.
DURBAN DECLARATION BEGIN TEXT: WHEREAS SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
IS HOME TO 630 MILLION PEOPLE OF DIVERSE RACIAL AND
ETHNIC GROUPS WITH A LONG AND PROUD HISTORY AND CULTURE
AND HAS ONE OF THE RICHEST NATURAL RESOURCE BASES
IN THE WORLD, WITH POTENTIAL TO BE ONE OF THE MOST
PROSPEROUS REGIONS, NEVERTHELESS: A.
THE TWIN SCOURGES OF VIOLENT CONFLICT AND HIV/AIDS HAVE
MUTUALLY REINFORCED EACH OTHER THOUGH A MULTIPLICITY
OF MECHANISMS INCLUDING LARGE-SCALE POPULATION
DISLOCATION, THE DESTRUCTION OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH
INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE WEAKENING OF GOVERNANCE AND
ECONOMY. THESE TWIN SCOURGES ARE DESTROYING FAMILIES,
COMMUNITIES, NATIONS AND THE AFRICAN CONTINENT
AS A WHOLE. B.
MORE THAN 50 PERCENT OF THE WORLD'S ACTIVE VIOLENT INTERNAL
AND REGIONAL CONFLICTS ARE IN AFRICA. THESE CONFLICTS
HAVE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY AFFECTED OVER 75
PERCENT OF THE REGION'S COUNTRIES AND POPULATIONS, CONSCRIPTED
OVER 300,000 CHILD SOLDIERS, DISPLACED OVER
30 MILLION PEOPLE FROM THEIR HOMES, CAUSED THE DEATHS
OF OVER ONE MILLION PEOPLE, DESTROYED SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE, DAMAGED THE ENVIRONMENT, WEAKENED
INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNANCE AND GENERALLY RETARDED
EQUITABLE, SUSTAINED AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. C.
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT OF THE WORLD'S HIV/AIDS CASES ARE FOUND
IN AFRICA. MORE THAN 11 MILLION AFRICANS HAVE SUCCUMBED
TO AIDS OVER THE PAST DECADE AND THE SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ARE PROFOUND. D.
GENDER ROLES PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN BOTH THE EVOLUTION
OF THE PROBLEM AND IN THE WAY FORWARD TO SOLUTIONS.
THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF
CONFLICT AND HIV DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECT WOMEN. E.
POVERTY IS A KEY CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO THE SPREAD OF
HIV/AIDS. F.
WHILE THERE IS RECOGNITION OF THESE PROBLEMS, AND RESOURCES
HAVE BEEN DEVOTED TO THEIR SOLUTIONS, CURRENT
APPROACHES ARE INADEQUATE IN BOTH MAGNITUDE AND
SCOPE. HIV, CONFLICT AND GENDER ROLES CROSSCUT ALL DEVELOPMENT
CONCERNS AND SHOULD BE MAINSTREAMED INTO ALL
SECTORS. G.
CURRENT FINANCIAL RESOURCES ARE ALSO INADEQUATE TO ADDRESS
THE SCOPE AND MAGNITUDE OF THESE COMPLEX SOCIAL
PROBLEMS. 24.
NOTING THAT THROUGHOUT THE CONTINENT, EVERY SINGLE DAY,
WOMEN AND MEN ARE ACTIVELY PREVENTING AND COPING WITH
HIV/AIDS, CONFLICT, AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND THAT
THERE ARE PARTICULARLY REMARKABLE LESSONS TO BE LEARNED
FROM AFRICAN WOMEN WHO THROUGH A SERIES OF GRASS-ROOTS
EFFORTS HAVE EVOLVED UNIQUE APPROACHES TOWARDS
THESE CHALLENGES; 25.
FURTHER NOTING THAT, THERE ARE GROWING NETWORKS, INITIATIVES,
AND PARTNERSHIPS TO ADDRESS THESE INTERTWINED
CHALLENGES IN AFRICA AND THAT THESE EFFORTS,
ALREADY GENERATING MOMENTUM TOWARDS CREATIVE SOLUTIONS,
NEED TO BE RECOGNIZED AND SUPPORTED; 26.
NOW THEREFORE, WE THE UNDERSIGNED AFRICAN MEMBERS OF
THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH COMMUNITY WHO
ASSEMBLED IN DURBAN SOUTH AFRICA AND DELIBERATED FOR
THREE FULL DAYS, AT THE INVITATION OF THE AFRICAN CENTRE
FOR THE CONSTRUCTIVE RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES (ACCORD)
AND THE TULANE UNIVERSITY PAYSON CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND SPONSORED
BY THE UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT (USAID) IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE
LINKING COMPLEX EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND TRANSITION INITIATIVE
(CERTI), THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR MIGRATION
AND HEALTH (ICMH-GENEVA) AND THE WORLD BANK (PRETORIA), 27.
TAKING SPECIAL ACCOUNT OF THE COMMUNITY, NATIONAL AND
REGIONAL EXPERIENCE AND LESSONS LEARNED OF AFRICAN STRATEGISTS
AND IMPLEMENTERS OF PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS, ESPECIALLY
AT THE SUB-NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY LEVEL, TO COPE
WITH AND COMBAT HIV/AIDS IN CONFLICT AFFECTED COUNTRIES; 28.
ACKNOWLEDGING THAT CONFLICT, HIV/AIDS AND GENDER INEQUALITIES
ARE INEXTRICABLY RELATED AND THEREFORE SOLUTIONS
TO THESE PROBLEMS MUST TAKE IN TO ACCOUNT THIS
COMPLEX INTERRELATIONSHIP WHICH REQUIRES INTERDISCIPLINARY
AND INTERSECTORAL APPROACHES. 29.
REQUEST THAT NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, NATIONAL NGOS, AND
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INCLUDING ALL BILATERAL
AND MULTILATERAL DONORS AND INTERNATIONAL NGOS,
MUST REVISIT THEIR POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS
TO FIGHT THE TWIN SCOURGES OF VIOLENT CONFLICT
AND HIV-AIDS AND ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE PEACE BASED
ON: A.
MAINSTREAMING INTERVENTIONS TO ADDRESS HIV/AIDS, CONFLICT
PREVENTION, MITIGATION AND RESOLUTION/RECONCILIATION
AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT INTO ALL
SECTORAL PROGRAMS; B.
EMPOWERING WOMEN AS KEY ACTORS AND COMMUNITY MOBILIZERS
TO BOTH ADDRESS BOTH HIV/AIDS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION/PEACE
BUILDING. EMPOWERMENT REQUIRES ACTION AT
THE POLICY (INCLUDING LEGAL FRAMEWORK), STRATEGY AND
PROGRAM LEVELS AT LOCAL, SUB-NATIONAL, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL
LEGAL LEVELS; C.
DEVISING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK THAT:
D.
RECOGNIZING THAT CONFLICT AND HIV/AIDS WILL REQUIRE BEHAVIORAL
CHANGE AT THE INDIVIDUAL, INSTITUTIONAL, COMMUNITY,
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVELS; E.
NECESSITATING THAT APPROACHES MUST ADDRESS THE PROBLEMS
OF STIGMA AND SHAME, WHICH ARE UNDERLINED BY FEAR
ON THE PARTS OF BOTH, INFECTED AND AFFECTED. THERE
IS ALSO A NEED TO PROMOTE SELF-ESTEEM AND HEALTHY
RELATIONSHIPS AND HOPE, INCLUDING HOPE FOR A CURE; F.
INCLUDING AS A PRIORITY PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE FOR THOSE AFFECTED
BY CONFLICT AND HIV/AIDS, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION
GIVEN TO TRAUMA MANAGEMENT AND REINTEGRATION INTO
COMMUNITIES FOR EX-COMBATANTS, ESPECIALLY FORMER CHILD
SOLDIERS; G.
GIVING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION TO VULNERABLE GROUPS SUCH
AS WOMEN, CHILDREN, YOUNG ADULTS, PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES,
ORPHANS, REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED
PERSONS, CHILD SOLDIERS AND EX-COMBATANTS; H.
REQUIRING BROAD AND STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS, INCLUDING
THE MILITARY SECTOR, WOMEN'S GROUPS, CIVIL SOCIETY
GROUPS, SPIRITUAL INSTITUTIONS AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR; I.
EMBRACING THE IMPORTANCE OF REGIONAL AND LOCALLY-TAILORED
SOLUTIONS THAT ARE BASED ON THE COMMON
PRINCIPALS OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT, INTERSECTORAL
APPROACHES, ANALYSIS OF THE NEEDS OF VULNERABLE
GROUPS, GENDER ANALYSIS, AND PEACE; J.
PROMOTING NATIONAL, REGIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL NETWORKING,
DIALOGUE AND COOPERATION; K.
MAINSTREAMING CONFLICT, GENDER AND HIV/AIDS STRATEGIES
AND PROGRAMS IN THE BROADER POST-CONFLICT DEVELOPMENT
AND DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK; L.
ENHANCING PRESENT PROGRAMMES IN AREAS OF CARE AND SUPPORT
FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS, PARTICULARLY IN
MAKING MEDICAL TREATMENT AFFORDABLE AND ACCESSIBLE AND
PROVIDING SERVICES THAT ALLEVIATE THEIR SUFFERING AND
PROTECT THEIR HUMAN RIGHTS. 30.
WE THEREFORE RECOMMEND THAT: A.
AS CONFLICT, HIV/AIDS AND GENDER ARE NOW INEXTRICABLY
LINKED IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, ALL CONFLICT
PROGRAMS MUST ADEQUATELY ADDRESS THE ISSUES OF
HIV/AIDS, POVERTY AND GENDER. B.
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THIS FORUM BE WIDELY DISSEMINATED
TO THE PRACTITIONERS AND POLICY COMMUNITY,
INCLUDING DONORS, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS,
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS), INCLUDING
RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS, AND GOVERNMENTAL SECTORS,
INCLUDING THE MILITARY; C.
PRACTICAL TOOLS BE DEVELOPED TO SUPPORT THE PROGRAMMING
APPROACHES ARTICULATED ABOVE FOR ADDRESSING
THE PROBLEMS OF HIV/AIDS AND CONFLICT/CRISIS
THROUGH GENDER-BASED STRATEGIES; D.
DONORS INCREASE RESOURCE LEVELS IN SUPPORT OF PROGRAMS
TO ADDRESS THESE CRITICAL PROBLEMS THROUGH A PROCESS
OF REGULAR CONSULTATION THAT FACILITATES STRATEGIC
PARTNERSHIPS, COMMUNITY OWNERSHIP AND MUTUAL ACCOUNTABILITY; E.
THERE BE INCREASED DONOR COORDINATION AND PROGRAMMING
AND STREAMLINED REQUIREMENTS; F.
ALL OF THE ACTORS INVOLVED IN ADDRESSING THESE PROBLEMS
UTILIZE INTERSECTORAL APPROACHES THAT ADDRESS THE
COMPLEX INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONFLICT, HIV/AIDS,
POVERTY AND GENDER ROLES; G.
MECHANISMS BE PUT IN PLACE TO BUILD A LEARNING NETWORK
OF PROFESSIONALS AND WORKERS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE
THE QUALITY AND EFFICACY OF PROGRAMS AS WELL AS
TO INCREASE ADVOCACY FOR THESE ISSUES; H.
EMPOWERING WOMEN AND ADDRESSING THE ROOT CAUSES OF THEIR
VULNERABILITY IS KEY TO PREVENTING AND COPING WITH
HIV/AIDS. 31.
IN WITNESS, WHEREOF, WE THE UNDERSIGNED, BEING DULY
REPRESENTATIVE OF AFRICAN MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH COMMUNITY HAVE ASSENTED
TO THE DECLARATION HERE IN, CONCLUDED IN DURBAN,
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA ON THE 28TH DAY OF MARCH
2001. DURBAN
DECLARATION END TEXT. --------------------- WORKSHOP
PARTICIPANTS --------------------- 32.
PARTICIPANTS: (1) YENE ASSEGID OF EVERYONE ADVANCED
HEALTH COMMUNICATION TRAINING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT
IN ETHIOPIA, (2) MARY BALIKUNGERI OF RWANDAN WOMEN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT NETWORK, (3) CALUDINE MUYALA
TAYAYE BIBI OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KINSHASA AND THE
NGO PLATFORM PAAF IN THE DRC, (4) CAROL POWER OF RAPCAN
IN SOUTH AFRICA, (5) DARAUS BUKENYA OF THE AFRICAN
MEDICAL AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION IN TANZANIA, (6)
NSAMA CHIKWANKA OF THE SOCIETY FOR WOMEN AND AIDS IN
ZAMBIA, (7) ANNA VANESCH OF THE FUTURES GROUP IN SOUTH
AFRICA, (8) EMMANUEL GASAKURE OF THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA, (9)BOGALETCH
GEBRE OF THE KEMBETTA WOMEN'S SELF HELP CENTER
IN ETHIOPIA, (10) SUSAN KAJURA OF WORLD LEARNING
IN UGANDA, (11) BEN KATAMILA OF THE COMMUNITY BASED
AIDS PROGRAM AND THE AIDS CARE TRUST OF NAMIBIA, (12)
SERAPHINE MANIRAMBONA OF THE SUPPORT TO RURAL WOMAN
ADVANCEMENT PROJECT IN BURUNDI, (13) GUILHERMINA LANGA
MILICE OF THE MULEIDE STD/HIV/AIDS PROJECT IN MOZAMBIQUE,
(14) NESTOR MOUSSOKI OF THE INFORMATION, EDUCATION,
AND COMMUNICATION BRANCH OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM
FOR THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST AIDS (PROGRAMME NATIONAL
DE LUTE CONTRA LE SIDA PNLS) IN THE REPUBLIC
OF THE CONGO, (15) BEATRICE MURUNGA OF MAP INTERNATIONAL
FOR EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA IN KENYA, (16)
SOPHONIE NIYONDAVYI OF THE BURUNDI MINISTRY OF NATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICES, (17) JOSEPH NTAGANIRA OF THE DEPARTMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF
RWANDA, (18) PATIENCE NELISIWE NTULI OF THE SOUTH AFRICA
MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, (19) AIRAH SCHIKWAMBI OF
THE COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH CARE PROGRAM IN THE NAMIBIA
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES, (20) ANNE-MARY
SHIGWEDHHA OF THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE STD/HIV/AIDS
PROGRAMME IN THE NAMIBIA MINISTRY OF DEFENSE,
(21) EMMANUEL B. SSEMPA OF THE HIV/AIDS PREVENTION
AND POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAM IN UGANDA, (22)
JOHN TESHA OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
IN PRETORIA, (23) CAROLINE ODONGO TURYATEMBA OF
THE JOOINT CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTRE IN UGANDA, (24) ASUNTA
WAGURA OF THE KENYA NETWORK OF WOMEN WITH AIDS, (25)
DOROTHY GATERA WIBABARA OF THE AIDS PROJECT OF THE
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RWANDA, AND (26) GLADNESS LINDIWE
XABA OF THE RELIGIOUS AIDS PROGRAM IN SOUTH AFRICA. ---------- CONCLUSION ---------- 33.
COMMENT: USAID/AFR/SD THANKS USAID/SOUTH AFRICA FOR
ENCOURAGING THIS WORKSHOP TO TAKE PLACE IN SOUTH AFRICA.
THE OFFICE APPRECIATES THE COLLABORATIVE WORKING
RELATIONSHIP ESTABLISHED AMONG ITS GRANTEES, TULANE
UNIVERSITY AND ACCORD, FOR THEIR PERSEVERANCE IN
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING THIS WORKSHOP. THE OFFICE
ALSO APPRECIATES USAID AFRICA FIELD MISSIONS AND
USAID WASHINGTON OPERATIONAL UNITS IN THEIR ASSISTANCE
IN THE THINKING AND PLANNING OF THIS SYMPOSIUM.
FULL WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS WILL BE AVAILABLE THROUGH
THE FOLLOWING WEBSITE: HTTP://WWW.USAID.GOV/REGIONS/AFR/CONFLICTWEB/WHATSNEW. TML.
END COMMENT.
UNCLASSIFIED
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