/tel1/./01/05/04/249674m
UNCLASSIFIED
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SUMMARY
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1.
SUMMARY: A THREE DAY SYMPOSIUM ON
PREVENTING AND
COPING
WITH HIV/AIDS IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES:
GENDER-BASED
LESSONS FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA WAS HELD
FROM
26-28 MARCH 2001 IN DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA. 26
AFRICAN
PARTICIPANTS FROM EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
ATTENDED.
COUNTRIES INCLUDED WERE BURUNDI, DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
OF THE CONGO, ETHIOPIA, KENYA, MOZAMBIQUE,
NAMIBIA,
REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, RWANDA, SOUTH AFRICA,
TANZANIA,
UGANDA, AND ZAMBIA. THESE HIV/AIDS
PRACTITIONERS,
LARGELY INDIGENOUS AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL
WITH
SOME GOVERNMENTAL PARTICIPATION, DEVELOPED A
#DURBAN
DECLARATION# STATING THAT CONFLICT, HIV/AIDS
AND
GENDER INEQUALITIES ARE INEXTRICABLY RELATED.
SOLUTIONS
TO THESE PROBLEMS REQUIRE MULTI-SECTORAL,
CROSS-SECTORAL
AND SYNERGISTIC APPROACHES.
PARTICIPANTS
PLAN TO DEVELOP A STRATEGIC PLAN THAT
LINKS
HIV/AIDS, CONFLICT, AND GENDER FOR THE NATIONAL
AND
REGIONAL LEVELS BY DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE
DIALOGUE
WITH GOVERNMENT AT COMMITTEE AND CABINET
LEVELS,
CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS, THE PRESS, AND OTHER
SALIENT
ACTORS SUCH AS FIRST LADIES. THE SYMPOSIUM
DEMONSTRATED
THAT WE LIVE IN AN ERA WHERE AIDS IS NOT
SIMPLY
A DISEASE OR AN EPIDEMIC, BUT A FACT OF LIFE
AND
A COMPLEX SOCIAL DYNAMIC THAT IS INTRICATELY TIED
TO
ISSUES OF GENDER AND CONFLICT. THE DURBAN
DECLARATION
TEXT IS REPORTED IN PARAGRAPHS 23-31.
--------------------
WORKSHOP
METHODOLOGY
--------------------
2.
METHODOLOGY OF SYMPOSIUM: OVER THE THREE DAYS,
PARTICIPANTS
SHARED THEIR STORIES FROM THE TRENCHES
THAT
ELUCIDATED THE LINKS AMONG HIV/AIDS, CONFLICT,
AND
GENDER. PRIOR TO THE SYMPOSIUM,
EACH PARTICIPANT
PREPARED
A PAPER ILLUSTRATING THEIR ORGANIZATION'S OR
COUNTRY'S
EXPERIENCES. PARTICIPANTS SHARED
THESE
STORIES
IN A SERIES OF PANEL PRESENTATIONS AND SMALL
WORKING
GROUPS. THESE LESSONS LEARNED WILL
BE PART OF
A
BEST PRACTICES DOCUMENT THAT WILL BE PREPARED BY
TULANE
UNIVERSITY OVER THE NEXT FEW MONTHS.
PARTICIPANTS
SHARED THESE IDEAS WITH INTERNATIONAL AND
USAID
COLLEAGUES FOR CREATING AN EFFECTIVE AND COGENT
PLATFORM
FOR ACTION AND ADVOCACY.
3.
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK SETTING: PARTICIPANTS PLAN TO
BEGIN
THEIR STRATEGIC ANALYSIS BY MEETING WITH USAID
MISSIONS
IN AFRICA TO BRIEF MISSIONS ON THE WORKSHOP.
THEY
THEN PLAN TO DEVELOP A STRATEGIC PLAN THAT LINKS
HIV,
GENDER, AND CONFLICT FOR THE NATIONAL AND
REGIONAL
LEVELS FOR EFFECTIVE DIALOGUE WITH GOVERNMENT
AT
COMMITTEE AND CABINET LEVELS, OTHER CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS, THE
PRESS,
AND OTHER SALIENT ACTORS SUCH AS FIRST LADIES.
4.
WORKSHOP GOALS: (A) TO PROVIDE A QUICK OVERVIEW OF
GENDER-SENSITIVE
PRACTICES AND KNOWLEDGE IN PREVENTING
AND
COPING WITH HIV/AIDS IN THE AFTERMATH OF VIOLENT
CONFLICT;
(B) TO EXPAND THIS KNOWLEDGE BASE BY SHARING
AND
DISSEMINATING THE EXPERIENCES OF AFRICANS WHO ARE
CONFRONTING
THESE ISSUES IN THEIR COUNTRIES; AND, (C)
TO
IDENTIFY RECOMMENDATIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR
PRACTITIONERS,
POLICYMAKERS, AND DONORS ON HOW THESE
EFFORTS
CAN BE BEST SUPPORTED. THEMATIC
AREAS
INCLUDED:
(A) DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION OF
ARMED
FORCES, (B) GIRLS' EMPOWERMENT, (C) CARING FOR
ORPHANS
AND PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS, (D)
REHABILITATING
OR REBUILDING HEALTH SERVICES, (E)
HEALTH
AS A BRIDGE TO PEACE, (F) LOCAL, NATIONAL, AND
REGIONAL
RESPONSES, AND (G) GRASS ROOTS LESSONS
LEARNED
AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRACTITIONERS, AFRICAN
GOVERNMENTS,
AND DONORS.
----------------------
BACKGROUND
TO WORKSHOP
----------------------
5.
BACKGROUND: STATISTICS ON HIV/CONFLICT/GENDER:
PARTICIPANTS
AGREED WITH THE INITIAL OBSERVATIONS OF
USAID/AFR/SD/CMR
(REF. CABLE STATE 044234): VIOLENT
CONFLICT
AND HIV/AIDS POSE FORMIDABLE THREATS TO HUMAN
SECURITY
IN AFRICA. THE NUMBER AND NATURE OF VIOLENT
CONFLICTS
AND RELATED COMPLEX EMERGENCIES, COUPLED
WITH
THE HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC IS NOW IMPEDING DEVELOPMENT
IN
AFRICA, AND NEGATING MANY OF THE GAINS ACHIEVED.
HALF
OF ALL THE WORLD'S CONFLICTS IN 1999 WERE LOCATED
IN
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SSA), INVOLVING TWO THIRDS OF
THE
COUNTRIES IN THE REGION. SIX HIGH INTENSITY
CONFLICTS
(CAUSING OVER A THOUSAND DEATHS PER YEAR)
WERE
STILL RAGING IN THE REGION IN LATE 2000. AS
OF
JANUARY
2001, AFRICA HAD 3.5 MILLION REFUGEES AND 1.7
MILLION
INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE (IDPS). AFRICA
IS
ALSO
THE PART OF THE GLOBE THAT HAS BEEN HARDEST HIT
BY
HIV/AIDS. OVER 25 MILLION PEOPLE, OR NEARLY 70
PERCENT
OF THE WORLD'S 34.5 MILLION AFFLICTED WITH
HIV/AIDS,
AND 90 PERCENT OF DEATHS FROM AIDS ARE TO BE
FOUND
IN A REGION THAT IS HOME TO JUST 10 PERCENT OF
THE
WORLD'S POPULATION. OVER HALF OF
THE AFRICANS
AFFLICTED
BY HIV/AIDS PEOPLE ARE WOMEN.
6.
BACKGROUND: LINKS AMONG HIV/CONFLICT/GENDER:
ALTHOUGH
THERE IS LITTLE CROSS-COUNTRY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
DATA
AVAILABLE, THERE IS EVIDENCE TO SUGGEST THAT
CONFLICTS
INCREASE THE RISK AND IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS IN
SEVERAL
WAYS. CONFLICTS DISLOCATE COMMUNITIES, CREATE
FLOWS
OF REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS,
AND
SERIOUSLY DISRUPT FAMILY LIFE. THERE IS AN
INCREASE
IN THE NUMBER OF WOMEN HEADED HOUSEHOLDS.
SOLDIERS
AND FIGHTERS COME INTO GREATER CONTACT WITH
CIVILIANS
IN SITUATIONS WHERE WOMEN, YOUNG GIRLS AND
BOYS
ARE HIGHLY VULNERABLE TO SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE,
SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, AND RISKY SEXUAL
BEHAVIOR
DUE TO INCREASED PSYCHOSOCIAL TRAUMA AND
BREAKDOWN
OF BASIC SERVICES. THE MAGNITUDE OF
THESE
PROBLEMS
HAS PROMPTED CONSIDERABLE WORK AMONG NATIONAL
AND
INTERNATIONAL ACTORS TO MAINSTREAM HIV/AIDS
PREVENTION,
SCREENING, EDUCATION, TREATMENT, AND
CONTROL
INTO HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE AND POST-CONFLICT
RECONSTRUCTION.
GENDER SENSITIVE APPROACHES THAT
AFFECT
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RESPONSES TO THE AIDS
PANDEMIC
ARE KEY IN AFRICA, GIVEN WOMEN'S DUAL ROLE AS
CARE
GIVERS AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME EARNERS. NOTING
THAT
OVER
50 PERCENT OF NEW HIV INFECTIONS IN AFRICA OCCUR
IN
WOMEN, YOUNG WOMEN SEEM TO BE PARTICULARLY
VULNERABLE.
FOR EXAMPLE, ONE IN FOUR SOUTH AFRICAN
WOMEN
IN THE 20-29 AGE GROUP CARRY THE VIRUS TODAY.
THE
NUMBER ONE FORM OF TRANSMISSION OF HIV AMONG WOMEN
IN
AFRICA IS SEXUAL INTERCOURSE. WOMEN'S INCREASED
RISK
FOR HIV HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH PROSTITUTION,
TRAFFICKING
OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE,
FORCED
MARRIAGES, RAPE AND INCEST, POOR HEALTH,
(PARTICULARLY
ACCESS TO QUALITY REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
SERVICES)
AND LIMITED POWER TO AFFECT THESE RISKS.
WOMEN
ALSO CARRY THE MAIN BURDEN OF CARE OF FAMILY
MEMBERS
WITH HIV/AIDS. IN SITUATIONS OF CONFLICT AND
POST-CONFLICT,
WOMEN ARE NOT ONLY MORE EXPOSED AND
VULNERABLE
TO HIV/AIDS, THEY ALSO HAVE LESS COPING
CAPACITY,
NOT LEAST BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT USUALLY
INVOLVED
IN PLANNING THE ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES FOR
RECONSTRUCTION,
INCLUDING THOSE FOR HIV/AIDS
PREVENTION
AND MANAGEMENT. AT PRESENT, NO
ESTABLISHED
SET
OF BEST PRACTICES TO GUIDE POLICY AND PROGRAMMING
FOR
ADDRESSING HIV/AIDS IN POST-CONFLICT COUNTRIES
EXISTS.
THERE ARE HOWEVER, MANY INITIATIVES. ALL
ACROSS
AFRICA, PEOPLE FROM ALL WALKS OF LIFE, AND
ESPECIALLY
WOMEN, ARE ENGAGED IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL
INITIATIVES
THAT NOT ONLY STRENGTHEN THE COPING
CAPACITIES
OF FAMILIES, COMMUNITIES, AND COUNTRIES IN
THE
FACE OF THESE CRISES, BUT ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO
CREATE
ENVIRONMENTS THAT ENHANCE HUMAN SECURITY IN ALL
ITS
DIMENSIONS. WOMEN HAVE WORKED ON BOTH DIPLOMATIC
AND
DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS, AT THE NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL
LEVEL,
AND AT THE GRASSROOTS LEVEL.
----------------------------
SUMMARY
OF WORKSHOP SESSIONS
----------------------------
7.
DURING THE OPENING SESSION OF THE WORKSHOP,
STATISTICS
(SEE PARAGRAPHS FIVE AND SIX ABOVE) WERE
PRESENTED
AND LINKAGES EXPLORED WITH QUESTIONS THAT
HAVE
BEEN RAISED ON HIV AND CONFLICT. SUCH
QUESTIONS
INCLUDE
WHETHER KNOWINGLY HIV POSITIVE SOLDIERS
DELIBERATELY
RAPE WOMEN IN CONFLICT SITUATIONS. THE
LINK
AMONG THE THREE AREAS WAS SET IN THE CONTEXT OF
PUBLIC
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW AND PRACTICAL
EXAMPLES
FROM THE FIELD.
8.
SESSION ONE OVERVIEW: WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS HAD
PREPARED
SUMMARY PAPERS PRIOR TO THE WORKSHOP. KEY
THEMES
WERE THE FOLLOWING: (1) NEED FOR A SOLUTION
BEYOND
A NARROW TECHNICAL APPROACH, (2) AGREEMENT THAT
HIV
HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AS AN EXPLICIT WEAPON OF WAR,
(3)
THE EXTRAORDINARY URGENCY OF THE VULNERABILITY OF
WOMEN,
CHILDREN, REFUGEES, AND IDPS, (4) CONNECTION
WITH
LOCAL CULTURE THAT CAN BE EITHER HARNESSED OR
DETRIMENTAL
TO PROGRESS, (5) NEED FOR FOCUSING ON
PSYCHOSOCIAL
AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS, AND (6)
RECOGNIZING
THAT WOMEN AND MEN HAVE DIFFERENT ACCESS
AND
POWER OVER RESOURCES. CHALLENGES
ARE INTANGIBLES
SUCH
AS FEAR, IGNORANCE, LACK OF POWER TO MAKE
INDIVIDUAL
SEXUAL HEALTH DECISIONS, AND
COMMUNITY-LEVEL
COMMITMENT.
9.
MILLICENT MALAZA-DEBOSE OF SAVE AFRICA ESTABLISHED
THAT
GENDER ROLES AND EXPECTATIONS TAKE DIFFERENT
FORMS
IN CONFLICT SITUATIONS. TRADITIONALLY,
WOMEN
HAVE
BEEN SEEN AS CARETAKERS AND MEN AS PROVIDERS AND
PROTECTORS;
IN CONFLICT THESE ROLES ARE HEIGHTENED.
THE
GROUP QUESTIONED HOW SECURITY, GOVERNANCE, AND
DEEP-ROOTED
POVERTY CAN BE ADDRESSED TO MITIGATE THE
POTENTIAL
FOR WEAKENED GENDER ROLES AND INCREASED HIV
TRANSMISSION.
GROUP CONCURRED THAT THERE IS A NEED
FOR
BEHAVIORAL CHANGE, INCLUDING MEN AS PARTNERS IN
THE
HEALTH PROCESS. GLOBALIZATION WAS
RAISED AS BOTH
A
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IN PROVIDING INFORMATION TO
STEM
HIV TRANSMISSION. THERE WAS AN
AGREEMENT THAT
THE
MILITARY NEEDS TO BE PART OF A BROADER HIV
STRATEGY,
RATHER THAN AS A TARGET GROUP.
10.
SESSION TWO - LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS: ASUNTA WAGURA,
AN
HIV POSITIVE KENYAN WHO IS THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
OF
KENYA NETWORK OF WOMEN WITH AIDS, GROUNDED THE
WORKSHOP
BY PRESENTING HER PERSONAL LIFE HISTORY WITH
AIDS.
HER GRIPPING PRESENTATION REMINDED PARTICIPANTS
THAT
HIV POSITIVE PEOPLE CANNOT BE CONSIDERED AS
VICTIMS;
VICTIMS ARE CONSIDERED WEAK AND POWERLESS;
HIV
POSITIVE PEOPLE HAVE CAPABILITIES DESPITE THEIR
STATUS.
CLAUDINE MUYALA TAYAYE BIBI OF THE UNIVERSITY
OF
KINSHASA AND THE NGO PLATFORM PAAF FOLLOWED
WAGURA'S
PRESENTATION, ARGUING THAT WITHOUT PEACE IN
THE
DRC, THERE WILL BE NO SECURITY IN CENTRAL AND
SOUTHERN
AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN RENAISSANCE WILL
REMAIN
A DREAM, FORESTALLING FUTURE PROGRESS ON HIV.
NZAMA
CHIKWANKA OF THE SOCIETY FOR WOMEN AND AIDS IN
ZAMBIA
ARGUED THAT AFRICAN CULTURE ENCOURAGES SILENCE;
YET
EFFECTIVE HIV EDUCATION CALLS FOR A HEALTHY
DISCUSSION
OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR
MAKING
HEALTHY SEXUAL DECISIONS.
11.
SESSION THREE - WOMEN'S STRUGGLES AGAINST HIV/AIDS
AND
VIOLENCE: SMALL GROUP DISCUSSIONS CRITIQUED THE
DUAL
EXPECTATIONS OF WOMEN AS CAREGIVERS (PILLARS OF
CULTURE
AND CUSTODIANS OF COMMUNITY) AND AS
BREAD-WINNERS.
PARTICIPANTS ARGUED THAT WOMEN CANNOT
AUTOMATICALLY
BE CONSIDERED AS PROGRESSIVE
INDIVIDUALS;
WOMEN, LIKE MEN, ARE REPRESENTATIVE OF
BROADER
SOCIETAL ISSUES. HOWEVER,
PARTICIPANTS
CONCURRED
THAT HIV, VIOLENT CONFLICT, AND POVERTY
DISPROPORTIONATELY
AFFECT WOMEN. NGO PARTICIPANTS
SHARED
PRACTICAL CHALLENGES OF DESIGNING EFFECTIVE
EDUCATIONAL
CAMPAIGNS WHILE BEING RIDICULED FOR
PROMOTING
HIV. PARTICIPANTS STATED THAT
CRISIS CHANGES
THE
NATURE OF PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND WOMEN TAKE ON
NEW
ROLES. WOMEN CANNOT ESCAPE THE
CYCLE OF MALE
DOMINATION
AS THE LOSS OF ONE MAN USUALLY MEANS THE
REPLACEMENT
WITH ANOTHER. NGOS STRESSED THAT
THEY
HAVE
A CHALLENGE OF BRINGING WOMEN'S GROUPS TOGETHER
TO
ACHIEVE A COMMON PLATFORM, ESPECIALLY WHEN SOME OF
THEIR
AGENDAS ARE DRIVEN BY DONOR INTERESTS.
12.
SESSION FOUR - HIV/AIDS, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS,
AND
THE MILITARY: NSAMA CHIKWANKA OF THE SOCIETY FOR
WOMEN
AND AIDS IN ZAMBIA DISCUSSED THE ROLE OF POST
TRAUMATIC
STRESS DISORDER AND THE PARTICULAR REACTIONS
OF
HYPERACTIVITY AND DEPRESSION THAT ARE LINKED TO
VIOLENCE
AND RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. DOROTHY
GATERA
WIBABARA
OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RWANDA ARGUED
THAT
FAITH-BASED HIV/AIDS INITIATIVES NEED TO WORK
WITH
AN ON-THE-GROUND FAMILY SUPPORT NETWORK TO
ENCOURAGE
CAPACITY BUILDING IN FAMILIES AND
COMMUNITIES
SO THAT INDIVIDUALS CAN MAKE HEALTHY
CHOICES
ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. TRAUMA
COUNSELING IS SEEN
AS
AN EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION POINT. ANNE-MARY
SHIGWEDHA
OF THE NAMIBIAN MINISTRY OF DEFENSE REMINDED
THE
GROUP OF SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1308 THAT
STATED
THAT HIV IS A HUMAN SECURITY ISSUE. UGANDAN
PARTICIPANT
CAROLINE ODONGO TURYATEMBA NOTED THAT
UGANDAN
VETERANS HAVE NOT UNIFORMLY ENJOYED ACROSS THE
BOARD
SUCCESS IN ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION. PARTICIPANTS
ITERATED
THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE INTEGRATION OF HIV
PROGRAMMING
IN CONFLICT SETTINGS OF DEMOBILIZATION
(DDRR)
ACTIVITIES AND HIV/AIDS EDUCATION FOR
EX-COMBATANTS
13.
SESSION FIVE - THE SECURITY SECTOR AND GOVERNANCE:
THIS
SESSION FOCUSED ON THE ISSUE THAT DEVELOPMENT IS
IMPOSSIBLE
WITHOUT SECURITY AND JUSTICE. SECURITY
AND
GOVERNANCE
ARE SEEN AS THE UNDERPINNINGS OF ECONOMIC
GROWTH.
14.
SESSION SIX - HEALTH CARE IN POST CONFLICT
ENVIRONMENTS:
DARAUS BUKENYA OF THE TANZANIA-BASED
AFRICAN
MEDICAL AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION (AMREF) STATED
THAT
PRESERVATION OF HEALTH SYSTEMS INCLUDES BUILDING
SELF-RELIANCE
AND REHABILITATING HEALTH
INFRASTRUCTURE,
YET BEING AWARE OF THE POTENTIAL TO
RECREATE
DETRIMENTAL GENDER AND HEALTH ROLES.
BEATRICE
MURUNGA OF MAP INTERNATIONAL SPOKE ABOUT
PSYCHOSOCIAL
SERVICES FOR SURVIVORS OF VIOLENCE. SHE
NOTED
THAT SEXUAL VIOLENCE RESULTING IN POSITIVE HIV
STATUS
CREATES LOW SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF HATRED IN
WOMEN.
THIS PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA IS TIED TO LOSS OF
ECONOMIC
STATUS AND SELF-ESTEEM. CULTURALLY,
RAPE
CONTINUES
TO HAVE A NEGATIVE STIGMA ATTACHED TO IT.
FOR
THIS REASON, IN AFRICAN CULTURE, THERE IS A GREAT
DEAL
OF SILENCE AROUND RAPE, ESPECIALLY AMONG WOMEN;
PARTICIPANTS
WANT TO BREAK THIS SILENCE TO MORE
EFFECTIVELY
ADDRESS THE INTERSECTION AMONG HIV/AIDS,
CONFLICT,
AND GENDER. PROGRAMS IN TANZANIA
THAT HAVE
USED
A TRAINING OF TRAINERS MODEL IN WHICH SURVIVORS
WHO
THEN RETURN TO THEIR COMMUNITIES AND WORK WITH
CLIENTS.
15.
SESSION SEVEN - PREVENTING HIV/AIDS IN POST
CONFLICT
AFRICAN SOCIETIES: PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO
DEALING
WITH HIV PREVENTION WERE DISCUSSED. AN
EAST
AFRICA
GROUP SUGGESTED THAT THE MAIN ENTRY POINT
SHOULD
BE DEMOBILIZED SOLDIERS AND THE HIV EDUCATION
ENTRY
POINT SHOULD BE COORDINATED AT THE NATIONAL
LEVEL
AND INCLUDED IN THAT LEVEL OF POLICY. THE
CENTRAL
AFRICA GROUP FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING RADIO
PROGRAMS
THAT ARE TARGETED FOR ADULT AND ILLITERATE
WOMEN
SO THAT THEY ARE BETTER INFORMED. THIS
GROUP
ALSO
FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING WOMEN'S ECONOMIC
CAPACITIES.
THE SOUTHERN AFRICA GROUP DISCUSSED THE
TOOL
OF DRAMA FOR DISSEMINATING HIV/AIDS EDUCATION IN
A
SAFE WAY THAT USES LOCAL LANGUAGE AND CULTURE.
IT
WAS
CLEAR FROM THIS SESSION THAT EACH AFRICAN
SUB-REGION
REQUIRES A LOCALLY GENERATED AND RELEVANT
APPROACH
THAT MEETS THE MOST CRITICAL NEEDS
IDENTIFIED.
THESE INTERVENTIONS MUST WORK WITH THE
LOCAL
POPULATION.
16.
ONE SIDE GROUP DISCUSSED NETWORKING AND POSSIBLE
FOLLOW
ON ACTIONS FOR THIS WORKSHOP. IT
WAS ENVISAGED
THAT
THE GROUP RECONVENES IN TWO YEARS TO SEE HOW THEY
HAVE
IMPLEMENTED THE HIV/CONFLICT/GENDER APPROACH INTO
NATIONAL-LEVEL
POLICY. SECONDLY, THE GROUP
SUGGESTED
THAT
THEY CONVENE QUARTERLY DISCUSSIONS TO SHARE
LESSONS
LEARNED. THIRD, SPECIFIC THEMES
WERE RAISED
INCLUDING RAPE, DONOR COMMUNICATION WITH
COMMUNITY-BASED
ORGANIZATIONS, PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES,
THE
ROLE OF MEN IN PREVENTING HIV/AIDS, LITERACY AND
HIV/AIDS,
AND THE CONNECTION BETWEEN DONORS AND
HIV/AIDS
POLICY.
17.
SESSION EIGHT - COPING WITH HIV/AIDS IN POST
CONFLICT
AFRICA: THIS SESSION FOCUSED ON INCREASING
ACCESS
TO RESOURCES (ECONOMIC, EDUCATIONAL,
AGRICULTURAL,
HEALTH, FINANCIAL) IN EAST AFRICA,
PSYCHOSOCIAL
SERVICES AND HEALTH CLINICS IN CENTRAL
AFRICA,
AND ORPHANS IN WEST AFRICA. IN EAST
AFRICA,
THE
EMPHASIS IS AT THE GRASS ROOTS LEVEL, ADULT
EDUCATION
PROGRAMS, AND INCLUDING WOMEN'S GROUPS IN
ALL
STAGES OF PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION DESIGN.
TWO
APPROACHES
SUGGESTED WERE FOCUSING ON WOMEN'S
INHERITANCE
AND ENSURING WOMEN'S EQUAL RIGHTS IN A
COUNTRY.
THERE WAS A CLEAR FOCUS ON IDENTIFYING
TALENTED
WOMEN IN THE SUB-REGION AND DRAWING ON THEIR
SKILLS
TO DESIGN EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS. THE
CENTRAL
AFRICA
GROUP FOCUSED NOT ONLY ON PSYCHOSOCIAL AND
HEALTH
CLINICS, BUT LEGAL CLINICS WHERE WOMEN ARE ABLE
TO
HAVE ACCESS TO LEGAL REMEDIES. THE
SOUTHERN AFRICA
GROUP
FOCUSED ON COMMUNITY-BASED RESPONSES TO ORPHANS
GIVEN
DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES' LEVELS OF RECEPTIVITY TO
ORPHANS.
18.
SESSION NINE - HEALTH AS A BRIDGE FOR PEACE: MARY
BALIKUNGERI
OF THE RWANDA WOMEN COMMUNITY GROUP ARGUED
THAT
STORY TELLING AND SHARING OF STORIES IN A
TRUSTING
ENVIRONMENT ASSIST WOMEN IN DEALING WITH
ISSUES
OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE. BALIKUNGERI
DESCRIBED
THE
POLYCLINIC THAT SHE RUNS WHICH INCLUDES
PSYCHOSOCIAL
SUPPORT, LEGAL SUPPORT AND WITNESS
PROTECTION,
MICRO FINANCE, AND POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT.
THE
CLINIC IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN MULTI-SECTORAL APPROACH
TO
ADDRESSING HIV/AIDS. CAROLINE
ODONGO TURYATEMBA OF
REACH
UGANDA DISCUSSED HOW HER PROGRAM EMERGED FROM
LOCALLY
GROWN FOCUS ON FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION
(FGM).
AS THE CLINIC STARTED TO TACKLE FGM WITHOUT
THREATENING
LOCAL CULTURE, THE KEY LESSON LEARNED WAS
DEVELOPING
A PROGRAM IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE COMMUNITY
THROUGH
SENSITIZATION AND DEVELOPING RAPPORT WITH EACH
PATIENT
SO THAT S/HE IS COMMITTED TO CHANGE.
SUSTAINABILITY
HAS BEEN A FUNCTION OF FAMILY AND
COMMUNITY
LEVEL INPUT. A SECOND LESSON FOR
THE
SUCCESS
OF THE CLINIC WAS COORDINATION WITH THE
MILITARY.
THE MILITARY WAS SEEN AS AN ORGANIZATION
THAT
COULD PROVIDE SERVICES AND ALSO PROTECT A
BENEFICIARY
GROUP.
19.
SESSION TEN - EMPOWERING WOMEN: PROVIDING SEX
WORKERS
WITH INCOME GENERATING SKILLS AND LEGAL
KNOWLEDGE
HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN ONE COMMUNITY IN
ETHIOPIA
AND HAD A SPILLOVER EFFECT THAT HAS WORKED IN
OTHER
COMMUNITIES. THE ETHIOPIAN FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT
BACKED
THIS PROGRAM, WHICH ENSURED ITS SUCCESS. GIVEN
THE
SENSITIVE NATURE OF WOMEN'S PROGRAMS, PARTICIPANTS
QUESTIONED
WHETHER HOST GOVERNMENTS WOULD SUSTAIN
ACTIVITIES
IN THE LONG TERM. BULIKUNGERI
STATED THAT
THE
USG-FUNDED WOMEN AS PARTNERS FOR PEACE IN AFRICA
HAS
BEEN A SUCCESSFUL NETWORKING MODEL FOR AFRICAN
WOMEN.
WHILE THESE EFFORTS HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL
INTERNATIONALLY,
PARTICIPANTS QUESTIONED THE
SUSTAINABILITY
OF LOCAL LEVEL INVOLVEMENT AND SUPPORT.
20.
SESSION ELEVEN - LESSONS LEARNED AND ISSUES FOR
CONSIDERATION
BY PRACTITIONERS: PARTICIPANTS NOTED
THAT
LOCAL NEEDS AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT ARE
CRITICAL
TO ADDRESSING ISSUES. EXAMPLES
INCLUDE USE
OF
LOCAL LANGUAGE AND THE MEN-AS-PARTNERS HEALTH
APPROACH.
PRACTITIONERS ARE CHALLENGED BY LACK OF
STAFF
COMMITMENT TO KEEPING THE MESSAGES ON HIV/AIDS
SERIOUS,
AND NOT REDUCED TO JOKES OR
INAPPROPRIATE/INSENSITIVE
COMMENTS. PARTICIPANTS
DISCUSSED
THE EMERGENCE OF HIV/AIDS IN THE UNITED
STATES
LARGELY IN THE GAY MALE COMMUNITY AND DREW A
PARALLEL
THAT HOMOPHOBIA IS PREVALENT IN SUB-SAHARAN
AFRICA.
IN DISCUSSING GENDER ROLES BETWEEN MEN AND
WOMEN,
PARTICIPANTS NOTED THAT THE PARADIGM SHOULD BE
BROADENED
TO NON-TRADITIONAL ROLES. AGE IS A CRITICAL
FACTOR
IN GENDER ROLES AND PRACTITIONER SUCCESS;
ACTIVITIES
NEED TO BE SENSITIVE TO YOUTH. BESIDES
GENDER
ROLES, ANOTHER ISSUE IDENTIFIED WAS THE LACK OF
COMMITMENT
ON THE PART OF THE STATE TO ADDRESS THE
ROOT
CAUSES OF GENDER INEQUALITY AND CONFLICT WHICH
CAN
LEAD TO HIGHER HIV/AIDS TRANSMISSION (E.G.
INHERITANCE
AND LAND RIGHTS). COUNTRIES'
CONSTITUTIONS
DO NOT REFLECT THE GROUND LEVEL REALITY
IN
COMMUNITIES AND IN THE PERIPHERY. INTERNATIONAL
COVENANTS,
E.G. THE CONVENTION TO ELIMINATE ALL FORMS
OF
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) OR THE
CONVENTION
ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD (CRC), OR OTHER
HUMAN
RIGHTS CONVENTIONS, ARE EITHER NOT SIGNED AND
RATIFIED
BY HOST GOVERNMENTS, POORLY IMPLEMENTED, OR
THE
EDUCATION DOES NOT TAKE PLACE IN THE FIELD SO
COMMUNITIES
ARE EMPOWERED TO MAKE DECISIONS.
21.
SESSION TWELVE - LESSONS LEARNED AND ISSUES FOR
CONSIDERATION
BY POLICYMAKERS: THIS SESSION RAISED
DIFFERENCES
AMONG DONORS, DONOR INTERESTS, AND
APPROACHES.
SOME PARTICIPANTS SUGGESTED THAT EUROPEAN
DONORS
ARE MORE CONSULTATIVE THAN AMERICAN DONORS ARE.
ISSUES
WERE RAISED REGARDING HOW BEST TO IMPLEMENT
DECENTRALIZATION
ACTIVITIES TO MITIGATE CORRUPTION AND
OTHER
PROBLEMS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS. PARTICIPANTS
CALLED
FOR AN EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIP WITH DONORS AND
FOR
TRANSPARENT NATIONAL-LEVEL UMBRELLA ORGANIZATIONS
THAT
COORDINATE EFFECTIVELY. SOME
PRACTITIONERS
RAISED
MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES SUCH AS THEIR
DIFFICULTIES
WITH HAVING DIFFERENT FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FOR
DIFFERENT DONORS AND FULFILLING A MYRIAD OF
REPORTING
REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH DONOR. THERE
WAS
UNANIMOUS
AGREEMENT THAT DONORS NEED TO REDUCE
REPORTING
REQUIREMENTS SO THAT GRANTEES CAN DEVOTE
MORE
TIME AND RESOURCES TO IMPLEMENTATION. DONORS
COULD
ALSO CONSIDER PROVIDING MORE INSTITUTIONAL
SUPPORT
SO THAT NGOS ARE BETTER EQUIPPED TO ADDRESS
ISSUES
IN THE LONG TERM, AND HAVE THE FINANCIAL,
ADMINISTRATIVE,
AND MANAGEMENT CAPACITY TO DEAL WITH
DIFFERENT
DONORS' AGENDAS, REQUIREMENTS, AND
ACTIVITIES.
LINKING THE THREE AREAS OF HIV/AIDS,
CONFLICT,
AND GENDER, PARTICIPANTS AGREED THAT WOMEN'S
EMPOWERMENT,
FOCUS ON CROSS-CUTTING APPROACHES,
CONSULTATION,
OUTREACH, AND PARTNERSHIP ARE ALL
CRITICAL,
WHILE TAKING ACCOUNT OF LOCAL CONDITIONS,
CULTURE,
AND LANGUAGE.
22.
PARTICIPANTS CONCLUDED WITH A CONSENSUS ON A
#DURBAN
DECLARATION#THAT STATED THEIR VIEWS, AND
COMMITTED
THE GROUP TO CONTINUE THEIR NETWORKING AND
NATIONAL
LEVEL ADVOCACY.
------------------
DURBAN
DECLARATION
------------------
23.
DURBAN DECLARATION BEGIN TEXT: WHEREAS SUB-SAHARAN
AFRICA
IS HOME TO 630 MILLION PEOPLE OF DIVERSE RACIAL
AND
ETHNIC GROUPS WITH A LONG AND PROUD HISTORY AND
CULTURE
AND HAS ONE OF THE RICHEST NATURAL RESOURCE
BASES
IN THE WORLD, WITH POTENTIAL TO BE ONE OF THE
MOST
PROSPEROUS REGIONS, NEVERTHELESS:
A.
THE TWIN SCOURGES OF VIOLENT CONFLICT AND HIV/AIDS
HAVE
MUTUALLY REINFORCED EACH OTHER THOUGH A
MULTIPLICITY
OF MECHANISMS INCLUDING LARGE-SCALE
POPULATION
DISLOCATION, THE DESTRUCTION OF THE PUBLIC
HEALTH
INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE WEAKENING OF GOVERNANCE
AND
ECONOMY. THESE TWIN SCOURGES ARE DESTROYING
FAMILIES,
COMMUNITIES, NATIONS AND THE AFRICAN
CONTINENT
AS A WHOLE.
B.
MORE THAN 50 PERCENT OF THE WORLD'S ACTIVE VIOLENT
INTERNAL
AND REGIONAL CONFLICTS ARE IN AFRICA. THESE
CONFLICTS
HAVE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY AFFECTED OVER
75
PERCENT OF THE REGION'S COUNTRIES AND POPULATIONS,
CONSCRIPTED
OVER 300,000 CHILD SOLDIERS, DISPLACED
OVER
30 MILLION PEOPLE FROM THEIR HOMES, CAUSED THE
DEATHS
OF OVER ONE MILLION PEOPLE, DESTROYED SOCIAL
AND
ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE, DAMAGED THE ENVIRONMENT,
WEAKENED
INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNANCE AND GENERALLY
RETARDED
EQUITABLE, SUSTAINED AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT.
C.
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT OF THE WORLD'S HIV/AIDS CASES ARE
FOUND
IN AFRICA. MORE THAN 11 MILLION AFRICANS HAVE
SUCCUMBED
TO AIDS OVER THE PAST DECADE AND THE SOCIAL
AND
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ARE PROFOUND.
D.
GENDER ROLES PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN BOTH THE
EVOLUTION
OF THE PROBLEM AND IN THE WAY FORWARD TO
SOLUTIONS.
THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
OF
CONFLICT AND HIV DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECT WOMEN.
E.
POVERTY IS A KEY CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO THE SPREAD
OF
HIV/AIDS.
F.
WHILE THERE IS RECOGNITION OF THESE PROBLEMS, AND
RESOURCES
HAVE BEEN DEVOTED TO THEIR SOLUTIONS,
CURRENT
APPROACHES ARE INADEQUATE IN BOTH MAGNITUDE
AND
SCOPE. HIV, CONFLICT AND GENDER ROLES CROSSCUT ALL
DEVELOPMENT
CONCERNS AND SHOULD BE MAINSTREAMED INTO
ALL
SECTORS.
G.
CURRENT FINANCIAL RESOURCES ARE ALSO INADEQUATE TO
ADDRESS
THE SCOPE AND MAGNITUDE OF THESE COMPLEX
SOCIAL
PROBLEMS.
24.
NOTING THAT THROUGHOUT THE CONTINENT, EVERY SINGLE
DAY,
WOMEN AND MEN ARE ACTIVELY PREVENTING AND COPING
WITH
HIV/AIDS, CONFLICT, AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND
THAT
THERE ARE PARTICULARLY REMARKABLE LESSONS TO BE
LEARNED
FROM AFRICAN WOMEN WHO THROUGH A SERIES OF
GRASS-ROOTS
EFFORTS HAVE EVOLVED UNIQUE APPROACHES
TOWARDS
THESE CHALLENGES;
25.
FURTHER NOTING THAT, THERE ARE GROWING NETWORKS,
INITIATIVES,
AND PARTNERSHIPS TO ADDRESS THESE
INTERTWINED
CHALLENGES IN AFRICA AND THAT THESE
EFFORTS,
ALREADY GENERATING MOMENTUM TOWARDS CREATIVE
SOLUTIONS,
NEED TO BE RECOGNIZED AND SUPPORTED;
26.
NOW THEREFORE, WE THE UNDERSIGNED AFRICAN MEMBERS
OF
THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH COMMUNITY
WHO
ASSEMBLED IN DURBAN SOUTH AFRICA AND DELIBERATED
FOR
THREE FULL DAYS, AT THE INVITATION OF THE AFRICAN
CENTRE
FOR THE CONSTRUCTIVE RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES
(ACCORD)
AND THE TULANE UNIVERSITY PAYSON CENTER FOR
INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND
SPONSORED
BY THE UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR
INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT (USAID) IN ASSOCIATION WITH
THE
LINKING COMPLEX EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND TRANSITION
INITIATIVE
(CERTI), THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR
MIGRATION
AND HEALTH (ICMH-GENEVA) AND THE WORLD BANK
(PRETORIA),
27.
TAKING SPECIAL ACCOUNT OF THE COMMUNITY, NATIONAL
AND
REGIONAL EXPERIENCE AND LESSONS LEARNED OF AFRICAN
STRATEGISTS
AND IMPLEMENTERS OF PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS,
ESPECIALLY
AT THE SUB-NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY LEVEL, TO
COPE
WITH AND COMBAT HIV/AIDS IN CONFLICT AFFECTED
COUNTRIES;
28.
ACKNOWLEDGING THAT CONFLICT, HIV/AIDS AND GENDER
INEQUALITIES
ARE INEXTRICABLY RELATED AND THEREFORE
SOLUTIONS
TO THESE PROBLEMS MUST TAKE IN TO ACCOUNT
THIS
COMPLEX INTERRELATIONSHIP WHICH REQUIRES
INTERDISCIPLINARY
AND INTERSECTORAL APPROACHES.
29.
REQUEST THAT NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, NATIONAL NGOS,
AND
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INCLUDING ALL
BILATERAL
AND MULTILATERAL DONORS AND INTERNATIONAL
NGOS,
MUST REVISIT THEIR POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND
PROGRAMS
TO FIGHT THE TWIN SCOURGES OF VIOLENT
CONFLICT
AND HIV-AIDS AND ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE PEACE
BASED
ON:
A.
MAINSTREAMING INTERVENTIONS TO ADDRESS HIV/AIDS,
CONFLICT
PREVENTION, MITIGATION AND
RESOLUTION/RECONCILIATION
AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT INTO
ALL
SECTORAL PROGRAMS;
B.
EMPOWERING WOMEN AS KEY ACTORS AND COMMUNITY
MOBILIZERS
TO BOTH ADDRESS BOTH HIV/AIDS AND CONFLICT
RESOLUTION/PEACE
BUILDING. EMPOWERMENT REQUIRES ACTION
AT
THE POLICY (INCLUDING LEGAL FRAMEWORK), STRATEGY
AND
PROGRAM LEVELS AT LOCAL, SUB-NATIONAL, NATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL
LEGAL LEVELS;
C.
DEVISING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK THAT:
D.
RECOGNIZING THAT CONFLICT AND HIV/AIDS WILL REQUIRE
BEHAVIORAL
CHANGE AT THE INDIVIDUAL, INSTITUTIONAL,
COMMUNITY,
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVELS;
E.
NECESSITATING THAT APPROACHES MUST ADDRESS THE
PROBLEMS
OF STIGMA AND SHAME, WHICH ARE UNDERLINED BY
FEAR
ON THE PARTS OF BOTH, INFECTED AND AFFECTED.
THERE
IS ALSO A NEED TO PROMOTE SELF-ESTEEM AND
HEALTHY
RELATIONSHIPS AND HOPE, INCLUDING HOPE FOR A
CURE;
F.
INCLUDING AS A PRIORITY PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE FOR THOSE
AFFECTED
BY CONFLICT AND HIV/AIDS, WITH SPECIAL
ATTENTION
GIVEN TO TRAUMA MANAGEMENT AND REINTEGRATION
INTO
COMMUNITIES FOR EX-COMBATANTS, ESPECIALLY FORMER
CHILD
SOLDIERS;
G.
GIVING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION TO VULNERABLE GROUPS
SUCH
AS WOMEN, CHILDREN, YOUNG ADULTS, PEOPLE WITH
DISABILITIES,
ORPHANS, REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY
DISPLACED
PERSONS, CHILD SOLDIERS AND EX-COMBATANTS;
H.
REQUIRING BROAD AND STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS,
INCLUDING
THE MILITARY SECTOR, WOMEN'S GROUPS, CIVIL
SOCIETY
GROUPS, SPIRITUAL INSTITUTIONS AND THE PRIVATE
SECTOR;
I.
EMBRACING THE IMPORTANCE OF REGIONAL AND
LOCALLY-TAILORED
SOLUTIONS THAT ARE BASED ON THE
COMMON
PRINCIPALS OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT,
INTERSECTORAL
APPROACHES, ANALYSIS OF THE NEEDS OF
VULNERABLE
GROUPS, GENDER ANALYSIS, AND PEACE;
J.
PROMOTING NATIONAL, REGIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL
NETWORKING,
DIALOGUE AND COOPERATION;
K.
MAINSTREAMING CONFLICT, GENDER AND HIV/AIDS
STRATEGIES
AND PROGRAMS IN THE BROADER POST-CONFLICT
DEVELOPMENT
AND DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK;
L.
ENHANCING PRESENT PROGRAMMES IN AREAS OF CARE AND
SUPPORT
FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS, PARTICULARLY
IN
MAKING MEDICAL TREATMENT AFFORDABLE AND ACCESSIBLE
AND
PROVIDING SERVICES THAT ALLEVIATE THEIR SUFFERING
AND
PROTECT THEIR HUMAN RIGHTS.
30.
WE THEREFORE RECOMMEND THAT:
A.
AS CONFLICT, HIV/AIDS AND GENDER ARE NOW
INEXTRICABLY
LINKED IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, ALL
CONFLICT
PROGRAMS MUST ADEQUATELY ADDRESS THE ISSUES
OF
HIV/AIDS, POVERTY AND GENDER.
B.
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THIS FORUM BE WIDELY
DISSEMINATED
TO THE PRACTITIONERS AND POLICY
COMMUNITY,
INCLUDING DONORS, INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS,
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS),
INCLUDING
RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS, AND GOVERNMENTAL
SECTORS,
INCLUDING THE MILITARY;
C.
PRACTICAL TOOLS BE DEVELOPED TO SUPPORT THE
PROGRAMMING
APPROACHES ARTICULATED ABOVE FOR
ADDRESSING
THE PROBLEMS OF HIV/AIDS AND
CONFLICT/CRISIS
THROUGH GENDER-BASED STRATEGIES;
D.
DONORS INCREASE RESOURCE LEVELS IN SUPPORT OF
PROGRAMS
TO ADDRESS THESE CRITICAL PROBLEMS THROUGH A
PROCESS
OF REGULAR CONSULTATION THAT FACILITATES
STRATEGIC
PARTNERSHIPS, COMMUNITY OWNERSHIP AND MUTUAL
ACCOUNTABILITY;
E.
THERE BE INCREASED DONOR COORDINATION AND
PROGRAMMING
AND STREAMLINED REQUIREMENTS;
F.
ALL OF THE ACTORS INVOLVED IN ADDRESSING THESE
PROBLEMS
UTILIZE INTERSECTORAL APPROACHES THAT ADDRESS
THE
COMPLEX INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONFLICT,
HIV/AIDS,
POVERTY AND GENDER ROLES;
G.
MECHANISMS BE PUT IN PLACE TO BUILD A LEARNING
NETWORK
OF PROFESSIONALS AND WORKERS IN ORDER TO
IMPROVE
THE QUALITY AND EFFICACY OF PROGRAMS AS WELL
AS
TO INCREASE ADVOCACY FOR THESE ISSUES;
H.
EMPOWERING WOMEN AND ADDRESSING THE ROOT CAUSES OF
THEIR
VULNERABILITY IS KEY TO PREVENTING AND COPING
WITH
HIV/AIDS.
31.
IN WITNESS, WHEREOF, WE THE UNDERSIGNED, BEING
DULY
REPRESENTATIVE OF AFRICAN MEMBERS OF THE
INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH COMMUNITY HAVE
ASSENTED
TO THE DECLARATION HERE IN, CONCLUDED IN
DURBAN,
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA ON THE 28TH DAY OF
MARCH
2001.
DURBAN
DECLARATION END TEXT.
---------------------
WORKSHOP
PARTICIPANTS
---------------------
32.
PARTICIPANTS: (1) YENE ASSEGID OF EVERYONE
ADVANCED
HEALTH COMMUNICATION TRAINING AND TECHNICAL
SUPPORT
IN ETHIOPIA, (2) MARY BALIKUNGERI OF RWANDAN
WOMEN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT NETWORK, (3) CALUDINE
MUYALA
TAYAYE BIBI OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KINSHASA AND
THE
NGO PLATFORM PAAF IN THE DRC, (4) CAROL POWER OF
RAPCAN
IN SOUTH AFRICA, (5) DARAUS BUKENYA OF THE
AFRICAN
MEDICAL AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION IN TANZANIA,
(6)
NSAMA CHIKWANKA OF THE SOCIETY FOR WOMEN AND AIDS
IN
ZAMBIA, (7) ANNA VANESCH OF THE FUTURES GROUP IN
SOUTH
AFRICA, (8) EMMANUEL GASAKURE OF THE FACULTY OF
MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA,
(9)BOGALETCH
GEBRE OF THE KEMBETTA WOMEN'S SELF HELP
CENTER
IN ETHIOPIA, (10) SUSAN KAJURA OF WORLD
LEARNING
IN UGANDA, (11) BEN KATAMILA OF THE COMMUNITY
BASED
AIDS PROGRAM AND THE AIDS CARE TRUST OF NAMIBIA,
(12)
SERAPHINE MANIRAMBONA OF THE SUPPORT TO RURAL
WOMAN
ADVANCEMENT PROJECT IN BURUNDI, (13) GUILHERMINA
LANGA
MILICE OF THE MULEIDE STD/HIV/AIDS PROJECT IN
MOZAMBIQUE,
(14) NESTOR MOUSSOKI OF THE INFORMATION,
EDUCATION,
AND COMMUNICATION BRANCH OF THE NATIONAL
PROGRAM
FOR THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST AIDS (PROGRAMME
NATIONAL
DE LUTE CONTRA LE SIDA PNLS) IN THE
REPUBLIC
OF THE CONGO, (15) BEATRICE MURUNGA OF MAP
INTERNATIONAL
FOR EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA IN KENYA,
(16)
SOPHONIE NIYONDAVYI OF THE BURUNDI MINISTRY OF
NATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICES, (17) JOSEPH NTAGANIRA OF THE
DEPARTMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
OF
RWANDA, (18) PATIENCE NELISIWE NTULI OF THE SOUTH
AFRICA
MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, (19) AIRAH SCHIKWAMBI
OF
THE COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH CARE PROGRAM IN THE
NAMIBIA
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES, (20)
ANNE-MARY
SHIGWEDHHA OF THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
STD/HIV/AIDS
PROGRAMME IN THE NAMIBIA MINISTRY OF
DEFENSE,
(21) EMMANUEL B. SSEMPA OF THE HIV/AIDS
PREVENTION
AND POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAM IN UGANDA,
(22)
JOHN TESHA OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
MIGRATION
IN PRETORIA, (23) CAROLINE ODONGO TURYATEMBA
OF
THE JOOINT CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTRE IN UGANDA, (24)
ASUNTA
WAGURA OF THE KENYA NETWORK OF WOMEN WITH AIDS,
(25)
DOROTHY GATERA WIBABARA OF THE AIDS PROJECT OF
THE
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RWANDA, AND (26) GLADNESS
LINDIWE
XABA OF THE RELIGIOUS AIDS PROGRAM IN SOUTH
AFRICA.
----------
CONCLUSION
----------
33.
COMMENT: USAID/AFR/SD THANKS USAID/SOUTH AFRICA
FOR
ENCOURAGING THIS WORKSHOP TO TAKE PLACE IN SOUTH
AFRICA.
THE OFFICE APPRECIATES THE COLLABORATIVE
WORKING
RELATIONSHIP ESTABLISHED AMONG ITS GRANTEES,
TULANE
UNIVERSITY AND ACCORD, FOR THEIR PERSEVERANCE
IN
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING THIS WORKSHOP. THE
OFFICE
ALSO APPRECIATES USAID AFRICA FIELD MISSIONS
AND
USAID WASHINGTON OPERATIONAL UNITS IN THEIR
ASSISTANCE
IN THE THINKING AND PLANNING OF THIS
SYMPOSIUM.
FULL WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS WILL BE AVAILABLE
THROUGH
THE FOLLOWING WEBSITE:
HTTP://WWW.USAID.GOV/REGIONS/AFR/CONFLICTWEB/WHATSNEW.
TML.
END COMMENT.
UNCLASSIFIED
